docs/userguide: use $mod consistently (Thanks Conley)
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Michael Stapelberg
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docs/userguide
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docs/userguide
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@ -12,28 +12,28 @@ contact us on IRC (preferred) or post your question(s) on the mailing list.
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For the "too long; didn’t read" people, here is an overview of the default
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For the "too long; didn’t read" people, here is an overview of the default
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keybindings (click to see the full size image):
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keybindings (click to see the full size image):
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*Keys to use with mod (alt):*
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*Keys to use with $mod (alt):*
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image:keyboard-layer1.png["Keys to use with mod (alt)",width=600,link="keyboard-layer1.png"]
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image:keyboard-layer1.png["Keys to use with $mod (alt)",width=600,link="keyboard-layer1.png"]
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*Keys to use with Shift+mod:*
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*Keys to use with Shift+$mod:*
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image:keyboard-layer2.png["Keys to use with Shift+mod",width=600,link="keyboard-layer2.png"]
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image:keyboard-layer2.png["Keys to use with Shift+$mod",width=600,link="keyboard-layer2.png"]
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The red keys are the modifiers you need to press (by default), the blue keys
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The red keys are the modifiers you need to press (by default), the blue keys
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are your homerow.
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are your homerow.
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== Using i3
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== Using i3
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Throughout this guide, the keyword +mod+ will be used to refer to the
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Throughout this guide, the keyword +$mod+ will be used to refer to the
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configured modifier. This is the alt key (Mod1) by default, with windows (Mod4)
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configured modifier. This is the alt key (Mod1) by default, with windows (Mod4)
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being a popular alternative.
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being a popular alternative.
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=== Opening terminals and moving around
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=== Opening terminals and moving around
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One very basic operation is opening a new terminal. By default, the keybinding
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One very basic operation is opening a new terminal. By default, the keybinding
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for this is mod+Enter, that is Alt+Enter in the default configuration. By
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for this is $mod+Enter, that is Alt+Enter in the default configuration. By
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pressing mod+Enter, a new terminal will be opened. It will fill the whole
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pressing $mod+Enter, a new terminal will be opened. It will fill the whole
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space available on your screen.
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space available on your screen.
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image:single_terminal.png[Single terminal]
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image:single_terminal.png[Single terminal]
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@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ image:two_terminals.png[Two terminals]
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To move the focus between the two terminals, you can use the direction keys
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To move the focus between the two terminals, you can use the direction keys
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which you may know from the editor +vi+. However, in i3, your homerow is used
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which you may know from the editor +vi+. However, in i3, your homerow is used
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for these keys (in +vi+, the keys are shifted to the left by one for
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for these keys (in +vi+, the keys are shifted to the left by one for
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compatibility with most keyboard layouts). Therefore, +mod+J+ is left, +mod+K+
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compatibility with most keyboard layouts). Therefore, +$mod+J+ is left, +$mod+K+
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is down, +mod+L+ is up and `mod+;` is right. So, to switch between the
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is down, +$mod+L+ is up and `$mod+;` is right. So, to switch between the
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terminals, use +mod+K+ or +mod+L+. Of course, you can also use the arrow keys.
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terminals, use +$mod+K+ or +$mod+L+. Of course, you can also use the arrow keys.
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At the moment, your workspace is split (it contains two terminals) in a
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At the moment, your workspace is split (it contains two terminals) in a
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specific direction (horizontal by default). Every window can be split
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specific direction (horizontal by default). Every window can be split
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@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ windows.
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TODO: picture of the tree
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TODO: picture of the tree
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To split a window vertically, press +mod+v+ before you create the new window.
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To split a window vertically, press +$mod+v+ before you create the new window.
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To split it horizontally, press +mod+h+.
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To split it horizontally, press +$mod+h+.
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=== Changing the container layout
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=== Changing the container layout
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@ -80,15 +80,15 @@ tabbed::
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The same principle as +stacking+, but the list of windows at the top is only
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The same principle as +stacking+, but the list of windows at the top is only
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a single line which is vertically split.
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a single line which is vertically split.
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To switch modes, press +mod+e+ for splith/splitv (it toggles), +mod+s+ for
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To switch modes, press +$mod+e+ for splith/splitv (it toggles), +$mod+s+ for
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stacking and +mod+w+ for tabbed.
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stacking and +$mod+w+ for tabbed.
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image:modes.png[Container modes]
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image:modes.png[Container modes]
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=== Toggling fullscreen mode for a window
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=== Toggling fullscreen mode for a window
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To display a window in fullscreen mode or to go out of fullscreen mode again,
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To display a window in fullscreen mode or to go out of fullscreen mode again,
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press +mod+f+.
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press +$mod+f+.
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There is also a global fullscreen mode in i3 in which the client will span all
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There is also a global fullscreen mode in i3 in which the client will span all
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available outputs (the command is +fullscreen global+).
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available outputs (the command is +fullscreen global+).
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ available outputs (the command is +fullscreen global+).
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=== Opening other applications
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=== Opening other applications
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Aside from opening applications from a terminal, you can also use the handy
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Aside from opening applications from a terminal, you can also use the handy
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+dmenu+ which is opened by pressing +mod+d+ by default. Just type the name
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+dmenu+ which is opened by pressing +$mod+d+ by default. Just type the name
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(or a part of it) of the application which you want to open. The corresponding
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(or a part of it) of the application which you want to open. The corresponding
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application has to be in your +$PATH+ for this to work.
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application has to be in your +$PATH+ for this to work.
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@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ create a keybinding for starting the application directly. See the section
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If an application does not provide a mechanism for closing (most applications
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If an application does not provide a mechanism for closing (most applications
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provide a menu, the escape key or a shortcut like +Control+W+ to close), you
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provide a menu, the escape key or a shortcut like +Control+W+ to close), you
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can press +mod+Shift+q+ to kill a window. For applications which support
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can press +$mod+Shift+q+ to kill a window. For applications which support
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the WM_DELETE protocol, this will correctly close the application (saving
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the WM_DELETE protocol, this will correctly close the application (saving
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any modifications or doing other cleanup). If the application doesn’t support
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any modifications or doing other cleanup). If the application doesn’t support
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the WM_DELETE protocol your X server will kill the window and the behaviour
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the WM_DELETE protocol your X server will kill the window and the behaviour
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@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ depends on the application.
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Workspaces are an easy way to group a set of windows. By default, you are on
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Workspaces are an easy way to group a set of windows. By default, you are on
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the first workspace, as the bar on the bottom left indicates. To switch to
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the first workspace, as the bar on the bottom left indicates. To switch to
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another workspace, press +mod+num+ where +num+ is the number of the workspace
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another workspace, press +$mod+num+ where +num+ is the number of the workspace
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you want to use. If the workspace does not exist yet, it will be created.
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you want to use. If the workspace does not exist yet, it will be created.
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A common paradigm is to put the web browser on one workspace, communication
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A common paradigm is to put the web browser on one workspace, communication
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@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ focus to that screen.
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=== Moving windows to workspaces
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=== Moving windows to workspaces
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To move a window to another workspace, simply press +mod+Shift+num+ where
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To move a window to another workspace, simply press +$mod+Shift+num+ where
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+num+ is (like when switching workspaces) the number of the target workspace.
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+num+ is (like when switching workspaces) the number of the target workspace.
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Similarly to switching workspaces, the target workspace will be created if
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Similarly to switching workspaces, the target workspace will be created if
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it does not yet exist.
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it does not yet exist.
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@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ columns/rows with your keyboard.
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=== Restarting i3 inplace
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=== Restarting i3 inplace
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To restart i3 inplace (and thus get into a clean state if there is a bug, or
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To restart i3 inplace (and thus get into a clean state if there is a bug, or
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to upgrade to a newer version of i3) you can use +mod+Shift+r+.
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to upgrade to a newer version of i3) you can use +$mod+Shift+r+.
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=== Exiting i3
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=== Exiting i3
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To cleanly exit i3 without killing your X server, you can use +mod+Shift+e+.
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To cleanly exit i3 without killing your X server, you can use +$mod+Shift+e+.
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=== Floating
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=== Floating
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@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ paradigm but can be useful for some corner cases like "Save as" dialog
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windows, or toolbar windows (GIMP or similar). Those windows usually set the
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windows, or toolbar windows (GIMP or similar). Those windows usually set the
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appropriate hint and are opened in floating mode by default.
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appropriate hint and are opened in floating mode by default.
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You can toggle floating mode for a window by pressing +mod+Shift+Space+. By
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You can toggle floating mode for a window by pressing +$mod+Shift+Space+. By
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dragging the window’s titlebar with your mouse you can move the window
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dragging the window’s titlebar with your mouse you can move the window
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around. By grabbing the borders and moving them you can resize the window. You
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around. By grabbing the borders and moving them you can resize the window. You
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can also do that by using the <<floating_modifier>>.
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can also do that by using the <<floating_modifier>>.
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@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ orientation (horizontal, vertical or unspecified) and the orientation depends
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on the layout the container is in (vertical for splitv and stacking, horizontal
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on the layout the container is in (vertical for splitv and stacking, horizontal
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for splith and tabbed). So, in our example with the workspace, the default
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for splith and tabbed). So, in our example with the workspace, the default
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layout of the workspace +Container+ is splith (most monitors are widescreen
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layout of the workspace +Container+ is splith (most monitors are widescreen
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nowadays). If you change the layout to splitv (+mod+l+ in the default config)
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nowadays). If you change the layout to splitv (+$mod+l+ in the default config)
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and *then* open two terminals, i3 will configure your windows like this:
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and *then* open two terminals, i3 will configure your windows like this:
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image::tree-shot2.png["shot2",title="Vertical Workspace Orientation"]
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image::tree-shot2.png["shot2",title="Vertical Workspace Orientation"]
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@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ Let’s assume you have two terminals on a workspace (with splith layout, that i
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horizontal orientation), focus is on the right terminal. Now you want to open
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horizontal orientation), focus is on the right terminal. Now you want to open
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another terminal window below the current one. If you would just open a new
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another terminal window below the current one. If you would just open a new
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terminal window, it would show up to the right due to the splith layout.
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terminal window, it would show up to the right due to the splith layout.
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Instead, press +mod+v+ to split the container with the splitv layout (to
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Instead, press +$mod+v+ to split the container with the splitv layout (to
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open a +Horizontal Split Container+, use +mod+h+). Now you can open a new
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open a +Horizontal Split Container+, use +$mod+h+). Now you can open a new
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terminal and it will open below the current one:
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terminal and it will open below the current one:
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image::tree-layout1.png["Layout",float="right"]
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image::tree-layout1.png["Layout",float="right"]
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@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ single workspace on which you open three terminal windows. All these terminal
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windows are directly attached to one node inside i3’s layout tree, the
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windows are directly attached to one node inside i3’s layout tree, the
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workspace node. By default, the workspace node’s orientation is +horizontal+.
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workspace node. By default, the workspace node’s orientation is +horizontal+.
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Now you move one of these terminals down (+mod+k+ by default). The workspace
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Now you move one of these terminals down (+$mod+k+ by default). The workspace
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node’s orientation will be changed to +vertical+. The terminal window you moved
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node’s orientation will be changed to +vertical+. The terminal window you moved
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down is directly attached to the workspace and appears on the bottom of the
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down is directly attached to the workspace and appears on the bottom of the
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screen. A new (horizontal) container was created to accomodate the other two
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screen. A new (horizontal) container was created to accomodate the other two
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@ -362,10 +362,10 @@ bindcode [--release] [Modifiers+]keycode command
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*Examples*:
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*Examples*:
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--------------------------------
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--------------------------------
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# Fullscreen
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# Fullscreen
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bindsym mod+f fullscreen
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bindsym $mod+f fullscreen
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# Restart
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# Restart
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bindsym mod+Shift+r restart
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bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
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# Notebook-specific hotkeys
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# Notebook-specific hotkeys
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bindcode 214 exec --no-startup-id /home/michael/toggle_beamer.sh
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bindcode 214 exec --no-startup-id /home/michael/toggle_beamer.sh
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@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ This configuration directive enables automatic +workspace back_and_forth+ (see
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For instance: Assume you are on workspace "1: www" and switch to "2: IM" using
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For instance: Assume you are on workspace "1: www" and switch to "2: IM" using
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mod+2 because somebody sent you a message. You don’t need to remember where you
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mod+2 because somebody sent you a message. You don’t need to remember where you
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came from now, you can just press mod+2 again to switch back to "1: www".
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came from now, you can just press $mod+2 again to switch back to "1: www".
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*Syntax*:
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*Syntax*:
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--------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------
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@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ the following keybinding:
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*Example*:
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*Example*:
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--------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------
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bindsym mod+x move container to workspace 3; workspace 3
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bindsym $mod+x move container to workspace 3; workspace 3
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--------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------
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[[command_criteria]]
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[[command_criteria]]
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@ -1218,10 +1218,10 @@ which have the class Firefox, use:
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*Example*:
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*Example*:
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------------------------------------
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------------------------------------
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bindsym mod+x [class="Firefox"] kill
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bindsym $mod+x [class="Firefox"] kill
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# same thing, but case-insensitive
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# same thing, but case-insensitive
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bindsym mod+x [class="(?i)firefox"] kill
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bindsym $mod+x [class="(?i)firefox"] kill
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------------------------------------
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------------------------------------
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The criteria which are currently implemented are:
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The criteria which are currently implemented are:
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@ -1267,10 +1267,10 @@ exec [--no-startup-id] command
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*Example*:
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*Example*:
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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# Start the GIMP
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# Start the GIMP
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bindsym mod+g exec gimp
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bindsym $mod+g exec gimp
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# Start the terminal emulator urxvt which is not yet startup-notification-aware
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# Start the terminal emulator urxvt which is not yet startup-notification-aware
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bindsym mod+Return exec --no-startup-id urxvt
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bindsym $mod+Return exec --no-startup-id urxvt
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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The +--no-startup-id+ parameter disables startup-notification support for this
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The +--no-startup-id+ parameter disables startup-notification support for this
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@ -1301,8 +1301,8 @@ split <vertical|horizontal>
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*Example*:
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*Example*:
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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bindsym mod+v split vertical
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bindsym $mod+v split vertical
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bindsym mod+h split horizontal
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bindsym $mod+h split horizontal
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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=== Manipulating layout
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=== Manipulating layout
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@ -1323,21 +1323,21 @@ layout toggle [split|all]
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*Examples*:
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*Examples*:
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--------------
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--------------
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bindsym mod+s layout stacking
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bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
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bindsym mod+l layout toggle split
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bindsym $mod+l layout toggle split
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bindsym mod+w layout tabbed
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bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
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# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/split:
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# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/split:
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bindsym mod+x layout toggle
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bindsym $mod+x layout toggle
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# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/splith/splitv:
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# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/splith/splitv:
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bindsym mod+x layout toggle all
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bindsym $mod+x layout toggle all
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# Toggle fullscreen
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# Toggle fullscreen
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bindsym mod+f fullscreen
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bindsym $mod+f fullscreen
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# Toggle floating/tiling
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# Toggle floating/tiling
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bindsym mod+t floating toggle
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bindsym $mod+t floating toggle
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--------------
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--------------
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=== Focusing/Moving containers
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=== Focusing/Moving containers
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@ -1379,36 +1379,36 @@ relevant for floating containers. The default amount is 10 pixels.
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*Examples*:
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*Examples*:
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----------------------
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----------------------
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# Focus container on the left, bottom, top, right:
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# Focus container on the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym mod+j focus left
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bindsym $mod+j focus left
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bindsym mod+k focus down
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bindsym $mod+k focus down
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bindsym mod+l focus up
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bindsym $mod+l focus up
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bindsym mod+semicolon focus right
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bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right
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# Focus parent container
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# Focus parent container
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bindsym mod+u focus parent
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bindsym $mod+u focus parent
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# Focus last floating/tiling container
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# Focus last floating/tiling container
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bindsym mod+g focus mode_toggle
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bindsym $mod+g focus mode_toggle
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# Focus the output right to the current one
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# Focus the output right to the current one
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bindsym mod+x focus output right
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bindsym $mod+x focus output right
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# Focus the big output
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# Focus the big output
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bindsym mod+x focus output HDMI-2
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bindsym $mod+x focus output HDMI-2
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# Move container to the left, bottom, top, right:
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# Move container to the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym mod+j move left
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bindsym $mod+j move left
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bindsym mod+k move down
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bindsym $mod+k move down
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bindsym mod+l move up
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bindsym $mod+l move up
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bindsym mod+semicolon move right
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bindsym $mod+semicolon move right
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# Move container, but make floating containers
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# Move container, but make floating containers
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# move more than the default
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# move more than the default
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bindsym mod+j move left 20 px
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bindsym $mod+j move left 20 px
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# Move floating container to the center
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# Move floating container to the center
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# of all outputs
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# of all outputs
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bindsym mod+c move absolute position center
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bindsym $mod+c move absolute position center
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----------------------
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----------------------
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=== Changing (named) workspaces/moving to workspaces
|
=== Changing (named) workspaces/moving to workspaces
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1448,23 +1448,23 @@ move [window|container] [to] workspace <prev|next|current>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
bindsym mod+1 workspace 1
|
bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1
|
||||||
bindsym mod+2 workspace 2
|
bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# switch between the current and the previously focused one
|
# switch between the current and the previously focused one
|
||||||
bindsym mod+b workspace back_and_forth
|
bindsym $mod+b workspace back_and_forth
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+b move container to workspace back_and_forth
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+b move container to workspace back_and_forth
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# move the whole workspace to the next output
|
# move the whole workspace to the next output
|
||||||
bindsym mod+x move workspace to output right
|
bindsym $mod+x move workspace to output right
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# move firefox to current workspace
|
# move firefox to current workspace
|
||||||
bindsym mod+F1 [class="Firefox"] move workspace current
|
bindsym $mod+F1 [class="Firefox"] move workspace current
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Named workspaces
|
==== Named workspaces
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ workspace command, you can use an arbitrary name:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Example*:
|
*Example*:
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
bindsym mod+1 workspace mail
|
bindsym $mod+1 workspace mail
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1483,8 +1483,8 @@ number, like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Example*:
|
*Example*:
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
bindsym mod+1 workspace 1: mail
|
bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1: mail
|
||||||
bindsym mod+2 workspace 2: www
|
bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2: www
|
||||||
...
|
...
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
-------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1533,10 +1533,10 @@ move workspace to output <<left|right|down|up>|<output>>
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
# Move the current workspace to the next output
|
# Move the current workspace to the next output
|
||||||
# (effectively toggles when you only have two outputs)
|
# (effectively toggles when you only have two outputs)
|
||||||
bindsym mod+x move workspace to output right
|
bindsym $mod+x move workspace to output right
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Put this window on the presentation output.
|
# Put this window on the presentation output.
|
||||||
bindsym mod+x move container to output VGA1
|
bindsym $mod+x move container to output VGA1
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[[resizingconfig]]
|
[[resizingconfig]]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ mode "resize" {
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Enter resize mode
|
# Enter resize mode
|
||||||
bindsym mod+r mode "resize"
|
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
|
||||||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== Jumping to specific windows
|
=== Jumping to specific windows
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1608,7 +1608,7 @@ with criteria for that.
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
------------------------------------------------
|
------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
# Get me to the next open VIM instance
|
# Get me to the next open VIM instance
|
||||||
bindsym mod+a [class="urxvt" title="VIM"] focus
|
bindsym $mod+a [class="urxvt" title="VIM"] focus
|
||||||
------------------------------------------------
|
------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== VIM-like marks (mark/goto)
|
=== VIM-like marks (mark/goto)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1644,10 +1644,10 @@ TODO: make i3-input replace %s
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
---------------------------------------
|
---------------------------------------
|
||||||
# Read 1 character and mark the current window with this character
|
# Read 1 character and mark the current window with this character
|
||||||
bindsym mod+m exec i3-input -p 'mark ' -l 1 -P 'Mark: '
|
bindsym $mod+m exec i3-input -p 'mark ' -l 1 -P 'Mark: '
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Read 1 character and go to the window with the character
|
# Read 1 character and go to the window with the character
|
||||||
bindsym mod+g exec i3-input -p 'goto ' -l 1 -P 'Goto: '
|
bindsym $mod+g exec i3-input -p 'goto ' -l 1 -P 'Goto: '
|
||||||
---------------------------------------
|
---------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Alternatively, if you do not want to mess with +i3-input+, you could create
|
Alternatively, if you do not want to mess with +i3-input+, you could create
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1664,9 +1664,9 @@ There is also +border toggle+ which will toggle the different border styles.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
----------------------------
|
----------------------------
|
||||||
bindsym mod+t border normal
|
bindsym $mod+t border normal
|
||||||
bindsym mod+y border 1pixel
|
bindsym $mod+y border 1pixel
|
||||||
bindsym mod+u border none
|
bindsym $mod+u border none
|
||||||
----------------------------
|
----------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[[stack-limit]]
|
[[stack-limit]]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1711,9 +1711,9 @@ however you don’t need to (simply killing your X session is fine as well).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
----------------------------
|
----------------------------
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+r restart
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+w reload
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+w reload
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+e exit
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exit
|
||||||
----------------------------
|
----------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== Scratchpad
|
=== Scratchpad
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1743,10 +1743,10 @@ scratchpad show
|
||||||
*Examples*:
|
*Examples*:
|
||||||
------------------------------------------------
|
------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
# Make the currently focused window a scratchpad
|
# Make the currently focused window a scratchpad
|
||||||
bindsym mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
|
bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Show the first scratchpad window
|
# Show the first scratchpad window
|
||||||
bindsym mod+minus scratchpad show
|
bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Show the sup-mail scratchpad window, if any.
|
# Show the sup-mail scratchpad window, if any.
|
||||||
bindsym mod4+s [title="^Sup ::"] scratchpad show
|
bindsym mod4+s [title="^Sup ::"] scratchpad show
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue