Document commands and new configuration options in userguide
Michael Stapelberg
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docs/userguide
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docs/userguide
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i3 User’s Guide
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===============
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Michael Stapelberg <michael+i3@stapelberg.de>
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June 2009
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August 2009
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This document contains all information you need to configuring and using the i3
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window manager. If it does not, please contact me on IRC, Jabber or E-Mail and
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@ -174,24 +174,40 @@ font::
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=== Keyboard bindings
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You can use each command (see below) using keyboard bindings. At the moment,
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keyboard bindings require you to specify the keycode (38) of the key, not its key
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symbol ("a"). This has some advantages (keybindings make sense regardless of
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the layout you type) and some disadvantages (hard to remember, you have to look
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them up every time).
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A keyboard binding makes i3 execute a command (see below) upon pressing a
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specific key. i3 allows you to bind either on keycodes or on keysyms (you can
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also mix your bindings, though i3 will not protect you from overlapping ones).
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* A keysym (key symbol) is a description for a specific symbol, like "a" or "b",
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but also more strange ones like "underscore" instead of "_". These are the ones
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you also use in Xmodmap to remap your keys. To get the current mapping of your
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keys, use +xmodmap -pke+.
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* Keycodes however do not need to have a symbol assigned (handy for some hotkeys
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on some notebooks) and they will not change their meaning as you switch to a
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different keyboard layout.
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My recommendation is: If you often switch keyboard layouts because you try to
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learn a different one, but you want to keep your bindings at the same place,
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use keycodes. If you don’t switch layouts and like a clean and simple config
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file, use keysyms.
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*Syntax*:
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--------------------------------
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----------------------------------
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bindsym [Modifiers+]keysym command
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bind [Modifiers+]keycode command
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--------------------------------
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----------------------------------
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*Examples*:
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--------------------------------
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# Fullscreen
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bind Mod1+41 f
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bind Mod1+f f
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# Restart
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bind Mod1+Shift+27 restart
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bind Mod1+Shift+r restart
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# Notebook-specific hotkeys
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bind 214 exec /home/michael/toggle_beamer.sh
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--------------------------------
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Available Modifiers:
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@ -241,7 +257,7 @@ set name value
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*Examples*:
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------------------------
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set $m Mod1
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bind $m+Shift+27 restart
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bindsym $m+Shift+r restart
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------------------------
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Variables are directly replaced in the file when parsing, there is no fancy
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@ -259,8 +275,8 @@ i3 will get the title as soon as the application maps the window (mapping means
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actually displaying it on the screen), you’d need to have to match on Firefox
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in this case.
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You can prefix or suffix workspaces with a +~+ to specify that matching clients
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should be put into floating mode. If you specify only a +~+, the client will
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You can prefix or suffix workspaces with a `~` to specify that matching clients
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should be put into floating mode. If you specify only a `~`, the client will
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not be put onto any workspace, but will be set floating on the current one.
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*Syntax*:
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@ -294,6 +310,181 @@ exec command
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exec sudo i3status | dzen2 -dock
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--------------------------------
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=== Automatically putting workspaces on specific screens
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If you use the assigning of clients to workspaces and start some clients
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automatically, it might be handy to put the workspaces on specific screens.
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Also, the assignment of workspaces to screens will determine the workspace
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which i3 uses for a new screen when adding screens or when starting (e.g., by
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default it will use 1 for the first screen, 2 for the second screen and so on).
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*Syntax*:
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----------------------------------
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workspace <number> screen <screen>
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----------------------------------
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Screen can be either a number (starting at 0 for the first screen) or a
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position. When using numbers, it is not guaranteed that your screens always
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get the same number. Though, unless you upgrade your X server or drivers, the
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order usually stays the same. When using positions, you have to specify the
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exact pixel where the screen *starts*, not a pixel which is contained by the
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screen. Thus, if your first screen has the dimensions 1280x800, you can match
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the second screen right of it by specifying 1280. You cannot use 1281.
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*Examples*:
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---------------------------
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workspace 1 screen 0
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workspace 5 screen 1
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workspace 1 screen 1280
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workspace 2 screen x800
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workspace 3 screen 1280x800
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---------------------------
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=== Named workspaces
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If you always have a certain arrangement of workspaces, you might want to give
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them names (of course UTF-8 is supported):
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*Syntax*:
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---------------------------------------
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workspace <number> <name>
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workspace <number> screen <screen> name
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---------------------------------------
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For more details about the screen-part of this command, see above.
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*Examples*:
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--------------------------
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workspace 1 www
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workspace 2 work
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workspace 3 i ♥ workspaces
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--------------------------
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=== Changing colors
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You can change all colors which i3 uses to draw the window decorations and the
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bottom bar.
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*Syntax*:
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--------------------------------------------
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colorclass border background text
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--------------------------------------------
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Where colorclass can be one of:
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client.focused::
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A client which currently has the focus.
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client.focused_inactive::
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A client which is the focused one of its container, but it does not have
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the focus at the moment.
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client.unfocused::
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A client which is not the focused one of its container.
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bar.focused::
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The current workspace in the bottom bar.
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bar.unfocused::
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All other workspaces in the bottom bar.
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Colors are in HTML hex format, see below.
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*Examples*:
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--------------------------------------
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# class border backgr. text
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client.focused #2F343A #900000 #FFFFFF
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--------------------------------------
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=== Interprocess communication
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i3 uses unix sockets to provide an IPC interface. At the moment, this interface
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is only useful for sending commands. To enable it, you have to configure a path
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where the unix socket will be stored. The default path is +/tmp/i3-ipc.sock+.
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*Examples*:
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----------------------------
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ipc-socket /tmp/i3-ipc.sock
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----------------------------
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You can then use the i3-msg command to perform any command listed in the next
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section.
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== List of commands
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=== Manipulating layout
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To change the layout of the current container to stacking or back to default
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layout, use +s+ or +d+. To make the current client (!) fullscreen, use +f+, to
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make it floating (or tiling again) use +t+:
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*Examples*:
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--------------
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bind Mod1+s s
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bind Mod1+l d
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# Toggle fullscreen
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bind Mod1+f f
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# Toggle floating/tiling
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bind Mod1+t t
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--------------
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=== Focussing/Moving/Snapping clients/containers/screens
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To change the focus, use one of the +h+, +j+, +k+ and +l+ commands, meaning
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respectively left, down, up, right. To focus a container, prefix it with +wc+,
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to focus a screen, prefix it with +ws+.
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The same principle applies for moving and snapping, just prefix the command
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with +m+ when moving and with +s+ when snapping:
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*Examples*:
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----------------------
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# Focus clients on the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym Mod1+j h
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bindsym Mod1+k j
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bindsym Mod1+j k
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bindsym Mod1+semicolon l
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# Move client to the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym Mod1+j mh
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bindsym Mod1+k mj
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bindsym Mod1+j mk
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bindsym Mod1+semicolon ml
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# Snap client to the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym Mod1+j sh
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bindsym Mod1+k sj
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bindsym Mod1+j sk
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bindsym Mod1+semicolon sl
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# Focus container on the left, bottom, top, right:
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bindsym Mod3+j wch
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…
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----------------------
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=== Changing workspaces/moving clients to workspaces
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To change to a specific workspace, the command is just the number of the
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workspace, e.g. +1+ or +3+. To move the current client to a specific workspace,
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prefix the number with an +m+.
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Furthermore, you can switch to the next and previous workspace with the
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commands +nw+ and +pw+, which is handy for example if you have workspace
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1, 3, 4 and 9 and you want to cycle through them with a single key combination.
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*Examples*:
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-------------------------
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bindsym Mod1+1 1
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bindsym Mod1+2 2
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...
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bindsym Mod1+Shift+1 m1
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bindsym Mod1+Shift+2 m2
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...
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bindsym Mod1+o nw
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bindsym Mod1+p pw
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-------------------------
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=== Jumping to specific windows
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Especially when in a multi-monitor environment, you want to quickly jump to a specific
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@ -340,34 +531,32 @@ ft::
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If the current window is floating, the next tiling window will be selected
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and vice-versa.
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=== Changing colors
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=== Changing border style
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You can change all colors which i3 uses to draw the window decorations and the
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bottom bar.
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*Syntax*:
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--------------------------------------------
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colorclass border background text
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--------------------------------------------
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Where colorclass can be one of:
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client.focused::
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A client which currently has the focus.
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client.focused_inactive::
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A client which is the focused one of its container, but it does not have
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the focus at the moment.
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client.unfocused::
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A client which is not the focused one of its container.
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bar.focused::
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The current workspace in the bottom bar.
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bar.unfocused::
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All other workspaces in the bottom bar.
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Colors are in HTML hex format, see below.
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To change the border of the current client, you can use +bn+ to use the normal
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border (including window title), +bp+ to use a 1-pixel border (no window title)
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and +bb+ to make the client borderless.
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*Examples*:
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--------------------------------------
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# class border backgr. text
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client.focused #2F343A #900000 #FFFFFF
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--------------------------------------
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------------------
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bindsym Mod1+t bn
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bindsym Mod1+y bp
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bindsym Mod1+u bb
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------------------
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=== Reloading/Restarting/Exiting
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You can make i3 reload its configuration file with +reload+. You can also
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restart i3 inplace with the +restart+ command to get it out of some weird state
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(if that should ever happen) or to perform an upgrade without having to restart
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your X session. However, your layout is not preserved at the moment, meaning
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that all open windows will be in a single container in default layout. To exit
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i3 properly, you can use the +exit+ command, however you don’t need to (e.g.,
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simply killing your X session is fine aswell).
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*Examples*:
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----------------------------
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bindsym Mod1+Shift+r restart
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bindsym Mod1+Shift+w reload
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bindsym Mod1+Shift+e exit
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----------------------------
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