doc: Document keyboard layout.
* doc/guix.texi (Keyboard Layout): New node. (Bootloader Configuration): Remove examples and refer to it. (X Window): Add cross-reference.master
Ludovic Courtès
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doc/guix.texi
126
doc/guix.texi
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@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ System Configuration
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* File Systems:: Configuring file system mounts.
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* Mapped Devices:: Block device extra processing.
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* User Accounts:: Specifying user accounts.
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* Keyboard Layout:: How the system interprets key strokes.
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* Locales:: Language and cultural convention settings.
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* Services:: Specifying system services.
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* Setuid Programs:: Programs running with root privileges.
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@ -10132,6 +10133,7 @@ instance to support new system services.
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* File Systems:: Configuring file system mounts.
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* Mapped Devices:: Block device extra processing.
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* User Accounts:: Specifying user accounts.
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* Keyboard Layout:: How the system interprets key strokes.
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* Locales:: Language and cultural convention settings.
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* Services:: Specifying system services.
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* Setuid Programs:: Programs running with root privileges.
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@ -10992,6 +10994,108 @@ Note that the ``root'' account is not included here. It is a
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special-case and is automatically added whether or not it is specified.
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@end defvr
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@node Keyboard Layout
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@section Keyboard Layout
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To specify what each key of your keyboard does, you need to tell the operating
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system what @dfn{keyboard layout} you want to use. The default, when nothing
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is specified, is the US English QWERTY layout for 105-key PC keyboards.
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However, German speakers will usually prefer the German QWERTZ layout, French
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speakers will want the AZERTY layout, and so on; hackers might prefer Dvorak
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or bépo, and they might even want to further customize the effect of some of
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the keys. This section explains how to get that done.
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@cindex keyboard layout, definition
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There are three components that will want to know about your keyboard layout:
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@itemize
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@item
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The @emph{bootloader} may want to know what keyboard layout you want to use
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(@pxref{Bootloader Configuration, @code{keyboard-layout}}). This is useful if
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you want, for instance, to make sure that you can type the passphrase of your
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encrypted root partition using the right layout.
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@item
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The @emph{operating system kernel}, Linux, will need that so that the console
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is properly configured (@pxref{operating-system Reference,
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@code{keyboard-layout}}).
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@item
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The @emph{graphical display server}, usually Xorg, also has its own idea of
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the keyboard layout (@pxref{X Window, @code{keyboard-layout}}).
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@end itemize
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Guix allows you to configure all three separately but, fortunately, it allows
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you to share the same keyboard layout for all three components.
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@cindex XKB, keyboard layouts
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Keyboard layouts are represented by records created by the
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@code{keyboard-layout} procedure of @code{(gnu system keyboard)}. Following
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the X Keyboard extension (XKB), each layout has four attributes: a name (often
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a language code such as ``fi'' for Finnish or ``jp'' for Japanese), an
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optional variant name, an optional keyboard model name, and a possibly empty
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list of additional options. In most cases the layout name is all you care
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about. Here are a few example:
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@example
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;; The German QWERTZ layout. Here we assume a standard
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;; "pc105" keyboard model.
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(keyboard-layout "de")
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;; The bépo variant of the French layout.
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(keyboard-layout "fr" "bepo")
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;; The Catalan layout.
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(keyboard-layout "es" "cat")
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;; The Latin American Spanish layout. In addition, the
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;; "Caps Lock" key is used as an additional "Ctrl" key,
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;; and the "Menu" key is used as a "Compose" key to enter
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;; accented letters.
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(keyboard-layout "latam"
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#:options '("ctrl:nocaps" "compose:menu"))
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;; The Russian layout for a ThinkPad keyboard.
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(keyboard-layout "ru" #:model "thinkpad")
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;; The "US international" layout, which is the US layout plus
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;; dead keys to enter accented characters. This is for an
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;; Apple MacBook keyboard.
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(keyboard-layout "us" "intl" #:model "macbook78")
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@end example
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See the @file{share/X11/xkb} directory of the @code{xkeyboard-config} package
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for a complete list of supported layouts, variants, and models.
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@cindex keyboard layout, configuration
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Let's say you want your system to use the Turkish keyboard layout throughout
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your system---bootloader, console, and Xorg. Here's what your system
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configuration would look like:
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@lisp
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;; Using the Turkish layout for the bootloader, the console,
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;; and for Xorg.
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(operating-system
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;; ...
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(keyboard-layout (keyboard-layout "tr")) ;for the console
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(bootloader (bootloader-configuration
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(bootloader grub-efi-bootloader)
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(target "/boot/efi")
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(keyboard-layout keyboard-layout))) ;for GRUB
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(services (modify-services %desktop-services
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(slim-service-type config =>
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(slim-configuration
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(inherit config)
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(xorg-configuration
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(xorg-configuration ;for Xorg
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(keyboard-layout keyboard-layout))))))))
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@end lisp
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In the example above, for GRUB and for Xorg, we just refer to the
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@code{keyboard-layout} field defined above, but we could just as well refer to
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a different layout.
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@node Locales
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@section Locales
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@ -13399,7 +13503,8 @@ If this is @code{#f}, Xorg uses the default keyboard layout---usually US
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English (``qwerty'') for a 105-key PC keyboard.
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Otherwise this must be a @code{keyboard-layout} object specifying the keyboard
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layout in use when Xorg is running.
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layout in use when Xorg is running. @xref{Keyboard Layout}, for more
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information on how to specify the keyboard layout.
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@item @code{extra-config} (default: @code{'()})
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This is a list of strings or objects appended to the configuration file. It
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@ -23651,23 +23756,8 @@ The number of seconds to wait for keyboard input before booting. Set to
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If this is @code{#f}, the bootloader's menu (if any) uses the default keyboard
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layout, usually US@tie{}English (``qwerty'').
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Otherwise, this must be a @code{keyboard-layout} object. For instance, the
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following example defines a standard German keyboard layout:
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@example
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(keyboard-layout "de")
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@end example
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@noindent
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while the example below designates the bépo layout for French:
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@example
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(keyboard-layout "fr" "bepo")
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@end example
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The layout name and variant must match an existing layout in the
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@code{xkeyboard-config} package under the @file{share/X11/xkb/symbols}
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directory.
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Otherwise, this must be a @code{keyboard-layout} object (@pxref{Keyboard
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Layout}).
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@quotation Note
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This option is currently ignored by bootloaders other than @code{grub} and
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