system: Build system-wide locale definitions.

* gnu/system/locale.scm: New file.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Add it.
* gnu/system.scm (<operating-system>)[locale]: Change the default to
  "en_US.utf8".
  (operating-system-locale-directory): New procecure.
  (operating-system-derivation): Use it.
* doc/guix.texi (Using the Configuration System): Change example locale
  to "fr_FR.utf8".
  (operating-system Reference): Add xref to "Locales".  Document
  'locale-definitions'.
  (Locales): New section.
* po/guix/POTFILES.in: Add gnu/system.scm.

doc/guix.texi

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ System Configuration
 * File Systems::                Configuring file system mounts.
 * Mapped Devices::              Block device extra processing.
 * User Accounts::               Specifying user accounts.
+* Locales::                     Language and cultural convention settings.
 * Services::                    Specifying system services.
 * Setuid Programs::             Programs running with root privileges.
 * Initial RAM Disk::            Linux-Libre bootstrapping.
@@ -3470,6 +3471,7 @@ instance to support new system services.
 * File Systems::                Configuring file system mounts.
 * Mapped Devices::              Block device extra processing.
 * User Accounts::               Specifying user accounts.
+* Locales::                     Language and cultural convention settings.
 * Services::                    Specifying system services.
 * Setuid Programs::             Programs running with root privileges.
 * Initial RAM Disk::            Linux-Libre bootstrapping.
@@ -3496,7 +3498,7 @@ kernel, initial RAM disk, and boot loader looks like this:
 (operating-system
   (host-name "komputilo")
   (timezone "Europe/Paris")
-  (locale "fr_FR.UTF-8")
+  (locale "fr_FR.utf8")
   (bootloader (grub-configuration
                 (device "/dev/sda")))
   (file-systems (cons (file-system
@@ -3649,9 +3651,13 @@ package}).
 @item @code{timezone}
 A timezone identifying string---e.g., @code{"Europe/Paris"}.
 
-@item @code{locale} (default: @code{"en_US.UTF-8"})
+@item @code{locale} (default: @code{"en_US.utf8"})
-The name of the default locale (@pxref{Locales,,, libc, The GNU C
+The name of the default locale (@pxref{Locale Names,,, libc, The GNU C
-Library Reference Manual}).
+Library Reference Manual}).  @xref{Locales}, for more information.
+
+@item @code{locale-definitions} (default: @var{%default-locale-definitions})
+The list of locale definitions to be compiled and that may be used at
+run time.  @xref{Locales}.
 
 @item @code{services} (default: @var{%base-services})
 A list of monadic values denoting system services.  @xref{Services}.
@@ -3958,6 +3964,78 @@ to be present on the system.  This includes groups such as ``root'',
 specific devices such as ``audio'', ``disk'', and ``cdrom''.
 @end defvr
 
+@node Locales
+@subsection Locales
+
+@cindex locale
+A @dfn{locale} defines cultural conventions for a particular language
+and region of the world (@pxref{Locales,,, libc, The GNU C Library
+Reference Manual}).  Each locale has a name that typically has the form
+@code{@var{language}_@var{territory}.@var{charset}}---e.g.,
+@code{fr_LU.utf8} designates the locale for the French language, with
+cultural conventions from Luxembourg, and using the UTF-8 encoding.
+
+@cindex locale definition
+Usually, you will want to specify the default locale for the machine
+using the @code{locale} field of the @code{operating-system} declaration
+(@pxref{operating-system Reference, @code{locale}}).
+
+That locale must be among the @dfn{locale definitions} that are known to
+the system---and these are specified in the @code{locale-definitions}
+slot of @code{operating-system}.  The default value includes locale
+definition for some widely used locales, but not for all the available
+locales, in order to save space.
+
+If the locale specified in the @code{locale} field is not among the
+definitions listed in @code{locale-definitions}, @command{guix system}
+raises an error.  In that case, you should add the locale definition to
+the @code{locale-definitions} field.  For instance, to add the North
+Frisian locale for Germany, the value of that field may be:
+
+@example
+(cons (locale-definition
+        (name "fy_DE.utf8") (source "fy_DE"))
+      %default-locale-definitions)
+@end example
+
+Likewise, to save space, one might want @code{locale-definitions} to
+list only the locales that are actually used, as in:
+
+@example
+(list (locale-definition
+        (name "ja_JP.eucjp") (source "ja_JP")
+        (charset "EUC-JP")))
+@end example
+
+The @code{locale-definition} form is provided by the @code{(gnu system
+locale)} module.  Details are given below.
+
+@deftp {Data Type} locale-definition
+This is the data type of a locale definition.
+
+@table @asis
+
+@item @code{name}
+The name of the locale.  @xref{Locale Names,,, libc, The GNU C Library
+Reference Manual}, for more information on locale names.
+
+@item @code{source}
+The name of the source for that locale.  This is typically the
+@code{@var{language}_@var{territory}} part of the locale name.
+
+@item @code{charset} (default: @code{"UTF-8"})
+The ``character set'' or ``code set'' for that locale,
+@uref{http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets, as defined by
+IANA}.
+
+@end table
+@end deftp
+
+@defvr {Scheme Variable} %default-locale-definitions
+An arbitrary list of commonly used locales, used as the default value of
+the @code{locale-definitions} field of @code{operating-system}
+declarations.
+@end defvr
 
 @node Services
 @subsection Services

gnu-system.am

@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES =				\
   gnu/system/install.scm			\
   gnu/system/linux.scm				\
   gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm			\
+  gnu/system/locale.scm				\
   gnu/system/shadow.scm				\
   gnu/system/vm.scm				\
 						\

gnu/system.scm

@@ -46,12 +46,15 @@
   #:use-module (gnu services base)
   #:use-module (gnu system grub)
   #:use-module (gnu system shadow)
+  #:use-module (gnu system locale)
   #:use-module (gnu system linux)
   #:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd)
   #:use-module (gnu system file-systems)
   #:use-module (ice-9 match)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-34)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-35)
   #:export (operating-system
             operating-system?
 
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@
             operating-system-packages
             operating-system-timezone
             operating-system-locale
+            operating-system-locale-definitions
             operating-system-mapped-devices
             operating-system-file-systems
             operating-system-activation-script
@@ -129,7 +133,9 @@
 
   (timezone operating-system-timezone)            ; string
   (locale   operating-system-locale               ; string
-            (default "en_US.UTF-8"))
+            (default "en_US.utf8"))
+  (locale-definitions operating-system-locale-definitions ; list of <locale-definition>
+                      (default %default-locale-definitions))
 
   (services operating-system-user-services        ; list of monadic services
             (default %base-services))
@@ -649,6 +655,19 @@ we're running in the final root."
                                            #:mapped-devices mapped-devices)))
     (return #~(string-append #$initrd "/initrd"))))
 
+(define (operating-system-locale-directory os)
+  "Return the directory containing the locales compiled for the definitions
+listed in OS.  The C library expects to find it under
+/run/current-system/locale."
+  ;; While we're at it, check whether the locale of OS is defined.
+  (unless (member (operating-system-locale os)
+                  (map locale-definition-name
+                       (operating-system-locale-definitions os)))
+    (raise (condition
+            (&message (message "system locale lacks a definition")))))
+
+  (locale-directory (operating-system-locale-definitions os)))
+
 (define (kernel->grub-label kernel)
   "Return a label for the GRUB menu entry that boots KERNEL."
   (string-append "GNU with "
@@ -698,6 +717,7 @@ this file is the reconstruction of GRUB menu entries for old configurations."
        (boot        (operating-system-boot-script os))
        (kernel  ->  (operating-system-kernel os))
        (initrd      (operating-system-initrd-file os))
+       (locale      (operating-system-locale-directory os))
        (params      (operating-system-parameters-file os)))
     (file-union "system"
                 `(("boot" ,#~#$boot)
@@ -705,6 +725,7 @@ this file is the reconstruction of GRUB menu entries for old configurations."
                   ("parameters" ,#~#$params)
                   ("initrd" ,initrd)
                   ("profile" ,#~#$profile)
+                  ("locale" ,#~#$locale)          ;used by libc
                   ("etc" ,#~#$etc)))))
 
 ;;; system.scm ends here

gnu/system/locale.scm

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
+;;; Copyright © 2014 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;;
+;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
+;;;
+;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
+;;; your option) any later version.
+;;;
+;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+;;;
+;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+(define-module (gnu system locale)
+  #:use-module (guix gexp)
+  #:use-module (guix records)
+  #:use-module (gnu packages base)
+  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
+  #:export (locale-definition
+            locale-definition?
+            locale-definition-name
+            locale-definition-source
+            locale-definition-charset
+
+            locale-directory
+
+            %default-locale-definitions))
+
+;;; Commentary:
+;;;
+;;; Locale definitions, and compilation thereof.
+;;;
+;;; Code:
+
+(define-record-type* <locale-definition> locale-definition
+  make-locale-definition
+  locale-definition?
+  (name    locale-definition-name)                ;string--e.g., "fr_FR.utf8"
+  (source  locale-definition-source)              ;string--e.g., "fr_FR"
+  (charset locale-definition-charset              ;string--e.g., "UTF-8"
+           (default "UTF-8")))
+
+(define* (localedef-command locale
+                            #:key (libc (canonical-package glibc)))
+  "Return a gexp that runs 'localdef' from LIBC to build LOCALE."
+  #~(begin
+      (format #t "building locale '~a'...~%"
+              #$(locale-definition-name locale))
+      (zero? (system* (string-append #$libc "/bin/localedef")
+                      "--no-archive" "--prefix" #$output
+                      "-i" #$(locale-definition-source locale)
+                      "-f" #$(locale-definition-charset locale)
+                      (string-append #$output "/"
+                                     #$(locale-definition-name locale))))))
+
+(define* (locale-directory locales
+                           #:key (libc (canonical-package glibc)))
+  "Return a directory containing all of LOCALES compiled."
+  (define build
+    #~(begin
+        (mkdir #$output)
+
+        ;; 'localedef' executes 'gzip' to access compressed locale sources.
+        (setenv "PATH" (string-append #$gzip "/bin"))
+
+        (exit
+         (and #$@(map (cut localedef-command <> #:libc libc)
+                      locales)))))
+
+  (gexp->derivation "locale" build
+                    #:local-build? #t))
+
+(define %default-locale-definitions
+  ;; Arbitrary set of locales that are built by default.  They are here mostly
+  ;; to facilitate first-time use to some people, while others may have to add
+  ;; a specific <locale-definition>.
+  (letrec-syntax ((utf8-locale (syntax-rules ()
+                                 ((_ name*)
+                                  (locale-definition
+                                   (name (string-append name* ".utf8"))
+                                   (source name*)
+                                   (charset "UTF-8")))))
+                  (utf8-locales (syntax-rules ()
+                                  ((_ name ...)
+                                   (list (utf8-locale name) ...)))))
+    (utf8-locales "ca_ES"
+                  "cs_CZ"
+                  "da_DK"
+                  "de_DE"
+                  "el_GR"
+                  "en_AU"
+                  "en_CA"
+                  "en_GB"
+                  "en_US"
+                  "es_AR"
+                  "es_CL"
+                  "es_ES"
+                  "es_MX"
+                  "fi_FI"
+                  "fr_BE"
+                  "fr_CA"
+                  "fr_CH"
+                  "fr_FR"
+                  "ga_IE"
+                  "it_IT"
+                  "ja_JP"
+                  "ko_KR"
+                  "nb_NO"
+                  "nl_NL"
+                  "pl_PL"
+                  "pt_PT"
+                  "ro_RO"
+                  "ru_RU"
+                  "sv_SE"
+                  "tr_TR"
+                  "uk_UA"
+                  "vi_VN"
+                  "zh_CN")))
+
+;;; locale.scm ends here

po/guix/POTFILES.in

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # List of source files which contain translatable strings.
 # This should be source files of the various tools, and not package modules.
 gnu/packages.scm
+gnu/system.scm
 guix/scripts/build.scm
 guix/scripts/download.scm
 guix/scripts/package.scm