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@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
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\input texinfo
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@c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename guix-cookbook.info
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@documentencoding UTF-8
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@settitle GNU Guix Cookbook
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@c %**end of header
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@copying
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Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*
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Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*
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Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
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copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free
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Documentation License''.
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@end copying
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@dircategory System administration
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@direntry
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* Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook). Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix.
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@end direntry
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@titlepage
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@title GNU Guix Cookbook
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@subtitle Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager
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@author The GNU Guix Developers
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@contents
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@c *********************************************************************
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@node Top
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@top GNU Guix Cookbook
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This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a
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functional package management tool written for the GNU system. Please
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@pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system,
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its API, and related concepts.
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@c TRANSLATORS: You can replace the following paragraph with information on
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@c how to join your own translation team and how to report issues with the
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@c translation.
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If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider
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joining the @uref{https://translationproject.org/domain/guix-cookbook.html,
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Translation Project}.
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@menu
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* Scheme tutorials:: Meet your new favorite language!
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* Packaging:: Packaging tutorials
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* System Configuration:: Customizing the GNU System
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* Acknowledgments:: Thanks!
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* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license of this document.
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* Concept Index:: Concepts.
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@detailmenu
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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Scheme tutorials
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* A Scheme Crash Course:: Learn the basics of Scheme
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Packaging
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* Packaging Tutorial:: Let's add a package to Guix!
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System Configuration
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* Customizing the Kernel:: Creating and using a custom Linux kernel
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@end detailmenu
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@end menu
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@c *********************************************************************
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@node Scheme tutorials
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@chapter Scheme tutorials
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GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme,
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and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically.
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You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build
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them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc.
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Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the
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advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an
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experienced programmer to use them!
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Let's get started!
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@node A Scheme Crash Course
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@section A Scheme Crash Course
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@cindex Scheme, crash course
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Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with the
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language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a
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@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop,
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REPL} by running @code{guile} from the command line.
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Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile}
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if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile.
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In the following examples we use the @code{>} symbol to denote the REPL
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prompt, that is, the line reserved for user input. @xref{Using Guile
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Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) for more details on the
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REPL.
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@itemize
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@item
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Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in
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Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a
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compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals. @code{#t}
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and @code{#f} stand for the booleans "true" and "false", respectively.
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Examples of valid expressions:
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@example scheme
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> "Hello World!"
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"Hello World!"
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> 17
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17
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> (display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n"))
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"Hello Guix!"
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@end example
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@item
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This last example is a function call nested in another function call. When a
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parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the
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rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns the
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last evaluated expression as its return value.
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@item
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Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:
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@example scheme
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> (lambda (x) (* x x))
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#<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>
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@end example
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The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since everything is
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an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure,
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which can in turn be applied to an argument:
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@example scheme
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> ((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)
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9
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@end example
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@item
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Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:
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@example scheme
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> (define a 3)
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> (define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))
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> (square a)
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9
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@end example
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@item
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Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:
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@example scheme
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(define (square x) (* x x))
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@end example
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@item
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A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:
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@example scheme
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> (list 2 a 5 7)
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(2 3 5 7)
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@end example
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@item
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The @emph{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first
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term is not called over the other terms. Thus it effectively returns a list
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of terms.
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@example scheme
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> '(display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n"))
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(display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n"))
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> '(2 a 5 7)
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(2 a 5 7)
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@end example
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@item
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The @emph{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until
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a comma re-enables it. Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over
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what is evaluated and what is not.
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@example scheme
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> `(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))
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(2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))
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@end example
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Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here
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@code{a}) and the last element is a list itself.
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@item
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Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let}:
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@example scheme
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> (define x 10)
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> (let ((x 2)
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(y 3))
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(list x y))
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(2 3)
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> x
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10
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> y
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ERROR: In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y
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@end example
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Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier
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definitions.
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@example scheme
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> (let* ((x 2)
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(y (* x 3)))
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(list x y))
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(2 6)
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@end example
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@item
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The keyword syntax is @code{#:}; it is used to create unique identifiers.
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@pxref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}.
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@item
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|
The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in
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the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C.
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Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter.
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@item
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|
Modules are created with @code{define-module}. For instance
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@example scheme
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|
(define-module (guix build-system ruby)
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#:use-module (guix store)
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#:export (ruby-build
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ruby-build-system))
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|
@end example
|
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defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in
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@file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It
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depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables,
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@code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}.
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@end itemize
|
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For a more detailed introduction, check out
|
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|
@uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme
|
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|
at a Glance}, by Steve Litt.
|
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|
One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and
|
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|
Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay
|
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|
|
Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a
|
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@uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy
|
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|
online}, together with
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|
@uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/,
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|
|
videos of the lectures by the authors}. The book is available in Texinfo
|
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|
|
format as the @code{sicp} Guix package. Go ahead, run @code{guix install
|
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|
|
sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (or with the Emacs Info reader).
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|
An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also
|
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|
available}.
|
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|
You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at
|
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|
|
@url{https://schemers.org/}.
|
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|
@c *********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
@node Packaging
|
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|
|
|
@chapter Packaging
|
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|
@cindex packaging
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the
|
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|
|
|
collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package
|
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|
|
definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building
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them.
|
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|
@menu
|
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|
|
* Packaging Tutorial:: A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix.
|
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|
|
@end menu
|
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|
|
@node Packaging Tutorial
|
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|
|
@section Packaging Tutorial
|
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|
|
GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it
|
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|
uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful
|
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|
|
|
high-level programming language, one of the
|
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|
|
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme}
|
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|
|
dialects from the
|
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|
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}.
|
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|
|
Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some
|
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|
|
very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or
|
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|
|
simple languages.
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|
@itemize
|
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|
@item
|
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|
Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your
|
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|
|
package definitions.
|
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|
@item
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|
Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and
|
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|
|
modifying only what is needed.
|
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|
@item
|
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|
|
Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and
|
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|
|
processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped
|
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|
|
|
out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using specific
|
|
|
|
|
compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags "..."} argument to
|
|
|
|
|
the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think
|
|
|
|
|
@uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this
|
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|
|
|
goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the
|
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|
|
packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!
|
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|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix.
|
|
|
|
|
It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language.
|
|
|
|
|
The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some
|
|
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|
|
basic programming knowledge.
|
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|
|
@subsection A "Hello World" package
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The “Defining Packages” section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix
|
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|
|
packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). In
|
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|
|
the following section, we will partly go over those basics again.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``GNU hello'' is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for
|
|
|
|
|
packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make
|
|
|
|
|
install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect
|
|
|
|
|
example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit
|
|
|
|
|
hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(define-public hello
|
|
|
|
|
(package
|
|
|
|
|
(name "hello")
|
|
|
|
|
(version "2.10")
|
|
|
|
|
(source (origin
|
|
|
|
|
(method url-fetch)
|
|
|
|
|
(uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version
|
|
|
|
|
".tar.gz"))
|
|
|
|
|
(sha256
|
|
|
|
|
(base32
|
|
|
|
|
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i"))))
|
|
|
|
|
(build-system gnu-build-system)
|
|
|
|
|
(synopsis "Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package")
|
|
|
|
|
(description
|
|
|
|
|
"GNU Hello prints the message \"Hello, world!\" and then exits. It
|
|
|
|
|
serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports
|
|
|
|
|
command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.")
|
|
|
|
|
(home-page "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/")
|
|
|
|
|
(license gpl3+)))
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review the
|
|
|
|
|
fields together:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@table @samp
|
|
|
|
|
@item name
|
|
|
|
|
The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it
|
|
|
|
|
lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item source
|
|
|
|
|
This field contains a description of the source code origin. The
|
|
|
|
|
@code{origin} record contains these fields:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
@item The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods
|
|
|
|
|
exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories.
|
|
|
|
|
@item The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}. Here
|
|
|
|
|
the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of
|
|
|
|
|
which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail.
|
|
|
|
|
@item The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to ensure
|
|
|
|
|
the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings,
|
|
|
|
|
hence the call to the @code{base32} function.
|
|
|
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item build-system
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really
|
|
|
|
|
shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous
|
|
|
|
|
@code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other build
|
|
|
|
|
systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and
|
|
|
|
|
requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the
|
|
|
|
|
@code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item synopsis
|
|
|
|
|
It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many packages a
|
|
|
|
|
tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item description
|
|
|
|
|
Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the
|
|
|
|
|
homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item home-page
|
|
|
|
|
Use HTTPS if available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item license
|
|
|
|
|
See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of
|
|
|
|
|
available licenses.
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a
|
|
|
|
|
dummy "my-hello", a copy of the above declaration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As with the ritualistic "Hello World" taught with most programming languages,
|
|
|
|
|
this will possibly be the most "manual" approach. We will work out an ideal
|
|
|
|
|
setup later; for now we will go the simplest route.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(use-modules (guix packages)
|
|
|
|
|
(guix download)
|
|
|
|
|
(guix build-system gnu)
|
|
|
|
|
(guix licenses))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(package
|
|
|
|
|
(name "my-hello")
|
|
|
|
|
(version "2.10")
|
|
|
|
|
(source (origin
|
|
|
|
|
(method url-fetch)
|
|
|
|
|
(uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version
|
|
|
|
|
".tar.gz"))
|
|
|
|
|
(sha256
|
|
|
|
|
(base32
|
|
|
|
|
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i"))))
|
|
|
|
|
(build-system gnu-build-system)
|
|
|
|
|
(synopsis "Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package")
|
|
|
|
|
(description
|
|
|
|
|
"GNU Hello prints the message \"Hello, world!\" and then exits. It
|
|
|
|
|
serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports
|
|
|
|
|
command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.")
|
|
|
|
|
(home-page "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/")
|
|
|
|
|
(license gpl3+))
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We will explain the extra code in a moment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If you
|
|
|
|
|
change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix refuses to
|
|
|
|
|
build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the
|
|
|
|
|
source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we
|
|
|
|
|
need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to
|
|
|
|
|
base32.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the
|
|
|
|
|
URI:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c TRANSLATORS: This is example shell output.
|
|
|
|
|
@example sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7
|
|
|
|
|
From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...
|
|
|
|
|
following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...
|
|
|
|
|
…10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
|
0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen.
|
|
|
|
|
If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet,
|
|
|
|
|
update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you
|
|
|
|
|
should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to
|
|
|
|
|
authenticate it before going further:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c TRANSLATORS: This is example shell output.
|
|
|
|
|
@example sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb
|
|
|
|
|
From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...
|
|
|
|
|
following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...
|
|
|
|
|
….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig
|
|
|
|
|
0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf
|
|
|
|
|
$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: Good signature from "Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>" [unknown]
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: aka "Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>" [unknown]
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
|
|
|
|
|
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
|
|
|
|
|
Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can then happily run
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c TRANSLATORS: Do not translate this command
|
|
|
|
|
@example sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c TRANSLATORS: Do not translate this command
|
|
|
|
|
@example sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello
|
|
|
|
|
my-hello 2.10 out
|
|
|
|
|
/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before moving
|
|
|
|
|
on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme
|
|
|
|
|
knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c TODO: Continue the tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
@node System Configuration
|
|
|
|
|
@chapter System Configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix
|
|
|
|
|
System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this
|
|
|
|
|
chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete
|
|
|
|
|
reference.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
|
|
|
* Customizing the Kernel:: Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System.
|
|
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Customizing the Kernel
|
|
|
|
|
@section Customizing the Kernel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building
|
|
|
|
|
packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package
|
|
|
|
|
installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that
|
|
|
|
|
efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and
|
|
|
|
|
recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes
|
|
|
|
|
continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a
|
|
|
|
|
rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel configuration, as
|
|
|
|
|
is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of
|
|
|
|
|
inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long
|
|
|
|
|
time when the kernel is built from source.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old
|
|
|
|
|
package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The
|
|
|
|
|
procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the
|
|
|
|
|
nature of how the package definition is written.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which
|
|
|
|
|
creates a package.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems
|
|
|
|
|
#:key
|
|
|
|
|
;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.
|
|
|
|
|
;; See kernel-config for an example.
|
|
|
|
|
(extra-version #f)
|
|
|
|
|
(configuration-file #f)
|
|
|
|
|
(defconfig "defconfig")
|
|
|
|
|
(extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)
|
|
|
|
|
(patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))
|
|
|
|
|
...)
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is
|
|
|
|
|
declared like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(define-public linux-libre
|
|
|
|
|
(make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version
|
|
|
|
|
%linux-libre-hash
|
|
|
|
|
'("x86_64-linux" "i686-linux" "armhf-linux" "aarch64-linux")
|
|
|
|
|
#:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches
|
|
|
|
|
#:configuration-file kernel-config))
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the
|
|
|
|
|
@code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above,
|
|
|
|
|
you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to
|
|
|
|
|
the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for
|
|
|
|
|
@code{#:configuration-file}. Because of this, it is not actually easy to
|
|
|
|
|
include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry,
|
|
|
|
|
there are other ways to work with what we do have.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration. The
|
|
|
|
|
first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by
|
|
|
|
|
including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom
|
|
|
|
|
kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of
|
|
|
|
|
the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))
|
|
|
|
|
(config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) "kconfig")))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default
|
|
|
|
|
;; configuration file.
|
|
|
|
|
(if config
|
|
|
|
|
(begin
|
|
|
|
|
(copy-file config ".config")
|
|
|
|
|
(chmod ".config" #o666))
|
|
|
|
|
(invoke "make" ,defconfig))
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing
|
|
|
|
|
special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any
|
|
|
|
|
other package:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example scheme
|
|
|
|
|
(define-public linux-libre/E2140
|
|
|
|
|
(package
|
|
|
|
|
(inherit linux-libre)
|
|
|
|
|
(native-inputs
|
|
|
|
|
`(("kconfig" ,(local-file "E2140.config"))
|
|
|
|
|
,@@(alist-delete "kconfig"
|
|
|
|
|
(package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file
|
|
|
|
|
named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file. The
|
|
|
|
|
@code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the
|
|
|
|
|
only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the
|
|
|
|
|
@code{native-inputs} field.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the
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@code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The
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@code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below
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it:
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@example scheme
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(define %default-extra-linux-options
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`(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html
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("CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES" . #t)
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;; Modules required for initrd:
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("CONFIG_NET_9P" . m)
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("CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO" . m)
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("CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK" . m)
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("CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET" . m)
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("CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI" . m)
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("CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON" . m)
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("CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO" . m)
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("CONFIG_FUSE_FS" . m)
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("CONFIG_CIFS" . m)
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("CONFIG_9P_FS" . m)))
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(define (config->string options)
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(string-join (map (match-lambda
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((option . 'm)
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(string-append option "=m"))
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((option . #t)
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(string-append option "=y"))
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((option . #f)
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(string-append option "=n")))
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options)
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"\n"))
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@end example
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And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:
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|
@example scheme
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|
;; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the
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;; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.
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|
(let ((port (open-file ".config" "a"))
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|
(extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))
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|
(display extra-configuration port)
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(close-port port))
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(invoke "make" "oldconfig"))))
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|
@end example
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So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and
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then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's another
|
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|
custom kernel:
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|
|
@example scheme
|
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|
|
|
(define %macbook41-full-config
|
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|
|
(append %macbook41-config-options
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|
|
%filesystems
|
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|
|
%efi-support
|
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|
|
%emulation
|
|
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|
|
(@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))
|
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|
|
(define-public linux-libre-macbook41
|
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|
|
;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is
|
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|
|
;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.
|
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|
|
((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)
|
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|
|
(@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)
|
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|
|
'("x86_64-linux")
|
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|
|
#:extra-version "macbook41"
|
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|
|
#:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)
|
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|
|
#:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))
|
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|
|
@end example
|
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|
|
In the above example @code{%filesystems} is a collection of flags enabling
|
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|
|
different filesystem support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and
|
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|
|
@code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also.
|
|
|
|
|
@code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be
|
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|
|
|
added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword.
|
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|
|
This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which
|
|
|
|
|
modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful
|
|
|
|
|
in trying to answer this question is the
|
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|
|
|
@uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo
|
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|
|
Handbook} and the
|
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|
|
|
@uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig,
|
|
|
|
|
documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it
|
|
|
|
|
seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and
|
|
|
|
|
unpack the kernel source code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example shell
|
|
|
|
|
tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config}
|
|
|
|
|
to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make
|
|
|
|
|
localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and
|
|
|
|
|
letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're
|
|
|
|
|
missing everything. The next step is to run:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example shell
|
|
|
|
|
guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty.
|
|
|
|
|
The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start with
|
|
|
|
|
"WARNING" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example shell
|
|
|
|
|
module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the
|
|
|
|
|
@file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks
|
|
|
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example shell
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIG_VIRTIO=m
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig}
|
|
|
|
|
again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with "module".
|
|
|
|
|
After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that
|
|
|
|
|
are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and
|
|
|
|
|
load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel.
|
|
|
|
|
@code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It is
|
|
|
|
|
possible that there are other modules which you will need.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however,
|
|
|
|
|
so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other
|
|
|
|
|
guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's
|
|
|
|
|
features and allows you to share configuration segments between different
|
|
|
|
|
kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI
|
|
|
|
|
configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels will
|
|
|
|
|
share a list of filesystems to support. By using variables it is easier to
|
|
|
|
|
see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have
|
|
|
|
|
features in one kernel but missing in another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It is
|
|
|
|
|
likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom
|
|
|
|
|
kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be
|
|
|
|
|
available for inclusion into the initrd.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
@node Acknowledgments
|
|
|
|
|
@chapter Acknowledgments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager},
|
|
|
|
|
which was designed and
|
|
|
|
|
implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see
|
|
|
|
|
the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix pioneered functional package
|
|
|
|
|
management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional
|
|
|
|
|
package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially
|
|
|
|
|
transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not exist.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been
|
|
|
|
|
an inspiration for Guix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a
|
|
|
|
|
number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more
|
|
|
|
|
information on these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people
|
|
|
|
|
who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure,
|
|
|
|
|
providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously
|
|
|
|
|
been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
@node GNU Free Documentation License
|
|
|
|
|
@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex license, GNU Free Documentation License
|
|
|
|
|
@include fdl-1.3.texi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
@node Concept Index
|
|
|
|
|
@unnumbered Concept Index
|
|
|
|
|
@printindex cp
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@bye
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c Local Variables:
|
|
|
|
|
@c ispell-local-dictionary: "american";
|
|
|
|
|
@c End:
|
Ricardo Wurmus