guix-devel/gnu/build/file-systems.scm

697 lines
25 KiB
Scheme
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2016, 2017 David Craven <david@craven.ch>
;;; Copyright © 2017 Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
(define-module (gnu build file-systems)
#:use-module (guix build utils)
#:use-module (guix build bournish)
#:use-module (guix build syscalls)
#:use-module (rnrs io ports)
#:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
#:use-module (ice-9 match)
#:use-module (ice-9 rdelim)
#:use-module (ice-9 format)
#:use-module (ice-9 regex)
#:use-module (system foreign)
#:autoload (system repl repl) (start-repl)
#:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
#:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
#:export (disk-partitions
partition-label-predicate
partition-uuid-predicate
partition-luks-uuid-predicate
find-partition-by-label
find-partition-by-uuid
find-partition-by-luks-uuid
canonicalize-device-spec
uuid->string
string->uuid
bind-mount
mount-flags->bit-mask
check-file-system
mount-file-system))
;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This modules provides tools to deal with disk partitions, and to mount and
;;; check file systems.
;;;
;;; Code:
(define (bind-mount source target)
"Bind-mount SOURCE at TARGET."
(mount source target "" MS_BIND))
(define (seek* fd/port offset whence)
"Like 'seek' but return -1 instead of throwing to 'system-error' upon
EINVAL. This makes it easier to catch cases like OFFSET being too large for
FD/PORT."
(catch 'system-error
(lambda ()
(seek fd/port offset whence))
(lambda args
(if (= EINVAL (system-error-errno args))
-1
(apply throw args)))))
(define (read-superblock device offset size magic?)
"Read a superblock of SIZE from OFFSET and DEVICE. Return the raw
superblock on success, and #f if no valid superblock was found. MAGIC?
takes a bytevector and returns #t when it's a valid superblock."
(call-with-input-file device
(lambda (port)
(and (= offset (seek* port offset SEEK_SET))
(let ((block (make-bytevector size)))
(match (get-bytevector-n! port block 0 (bytevector-length block))
((? eof-object?)
#f)
((? number? len)
(and (= len (bytevector-length block))
(and (magic? block)
block)))))))))
(define (sub-bytevector bv start size)
"Return a copy of the SIZE bytes of BV starting from offset START."
(let ((result (make-bytevector size)))
(bytevector-copy! bv start result 0 size)
result))
(define (latin1->string bv terminator)
"Return a string of BV, a latin1 bytevector, or #f. TERMINATOR is a predicate
that takes a number and returns #t when a termination character is found."
(let ((bytes (take-while (negate terminator) (bytevector->u8-list bv))))
(if (null? bytes)
#f
(list->string (map integer->char bytes)))))
(define null-terminated-latin1->string
(cut latin1->string <> zero?))
;;;
;;; Ext2 file systems.
;;;
;; <http://www.nongnu.org/ext2-doc/ext2.html#DEF-SUPERBLOCK>.
;; TODO: Use "packed structs" from Guile-OpenGL or similar.
(define-syntax %ext2-endianness
;; Endianness of ext2 file systems.
(identifier-syntax (endianness little)))
(define (ext2-superblock? sblock)
"Return #t when SBLOCK is an ext2 superblock."
(let ((magic (bytevector-u16-ref sblock 56 %ext2-endianness)))
(= magic #xef53)))
(define (read-ext2-superblock device)
"Return the raw contents of DEVICE's ext2 superblock as a bytevector, or #f
if DEVICE does not contain an ext2 file system."
(read-superblock device 1024 264 ext2-superblock?))
(define (ext2-superblock-uuid sblock)
"Return the UUID of ext2 superblock SBLOCK as a 16-byte bytevector."
(sub-bytevector sblock 104 16))
(define (ext2-superblock-volume-name sblock)
"Return the volume name of SBLOCK as a string of at most 16 characters, or
#f if SBLOCK has no volume name."
(null-terminated-latin1->string (sub-bytevector sblock 120 16)))
(define (check-ext2-file-system device)
"Return the health of an ext2 file system on DEVICE."
(match (status:exit-val
(system* "e2fsck" "-v" "-p" "-C" "0" device))
(0 'pass)
(1 'errors-corrected)
(2 'reboot-required)
(_ 'fatal-error)))
;;;
;;; Btrfs file systems.
;;;
;; <https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/On-disk_Format#Superblock>.
(define-syntax %btrfs-endianness
;; Endianness of btrfs file systems.
(identifier-syntax (endianness little)))
(define (btrfs-superblock? sblock)
"Return #t when SBLOCK is a btrfs superblock."
(bytevector=? (sub-bytevector sblock 64 8)
(string->utf8 "_BHRfS_M")))
(define (read-btrfs-superblock device)
"Return the raw contents of DEVICE's btrfs superblock as a bytevector, or #f
if DEVICE does not contain a btrfs file system."
(read-superblock device 65536 4096 btrfs-superblock?))
(define (btrfs-superblock-uuid sblock)
"Return the UUID of a btrfs superblock SBLOCK as a 16-byte bytevector."
(sub-bytevector sblock 32 16))
(define (btrfs-superblock-volume-name sblock)
"Return the volume name of SBLOCK as a string of at most 256 characters, or
#f if SBLOCK has no volume name."
(null-terminated-latin1->string (sub-bytevector sblock 299 256)))
(define (check-btrfs-file-system device)
"Return the health of a btrfs file system on DEVICE."
(match (status:exit-val
(system* "btrfs" "device" "scan"))
(0 'pass)
(_ 'fatal-error)))
;;;
;;; FAT32 file systems.
;;;
;; <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-107.pdf>.
(define-syntax %fat32-endianness
;; Endianness of fat file systems.
(identifier-syntax (endianness little)))
(define (fat32-superblock? sblock)
"Return #t when SBLOCK is a fat32 superblock."
(bytevector=? (sub-bytevector sblock 82 8)
(string->utf8 "FAT32 ")))
(define (read-fat32-superblock device)
"Return the raw contents of DEVICE's fat32 superblock as a bytevector, or
#f if DEVICE does not contain a fat32 file system."
(read-superblock device 0 90 fat32-superblock?))
(define (fat32-superblock-uuid sblock)
"Return the Volume ID of a fat superblock SBLOCK as a 4-byte bytevector."
(sub-bytevector sblock 67 4))
(define (fat32-uuid->string uuid)
"Convert fat32 UUID, a 4-byte bytevector, to its string representation."
(let ((high (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 0 %fat32-endianness 2))
(low (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 2 %fat32-endianness 2)))
(format #f "~:@(~x-~x~)" low high)))
(define (fat32-superblock-volume-name sblock)
"Return the volume name of SBLOCK as a string of at most 11 characters, or
#f if SBLOCK has no volume name. The volume name is a latin1 string.
Trailing spaces are trimmed."
(string-trim-right (latin1->string (sub-bytevector sblock 71 11) (lambda (c) #f)) #\space))
(define (check-fat32-file-system device)
"Return the health of a fat file system on DEVICE."
(match (status:exit-val
(system* "fsck.vfat" "-v" "-a" device))
(0 'pass)
(1 'errors-corrected)
(_ 'fatal-error)))
;;;
;;; ISO9660 file systems.
;;;
;; <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-119.pdf>.
(define (iso9660-superblock? sblock)
"Return #t when SBLOCK is an iso9660 volume descriptor."
(bytevector=? (sub-bytevector sblock 1 6)
;; Note: "\x01" is the volume descriptor format version
(string->utf8 "CD001\x01")))
(define (read-iso9660-primary-volume-descriptor device offset)
"Find and read the first primary volume descriptor, starting at OFFSET.
Return #f if not found."
(let* ((sblock (read-superblock device offset 2048 iso9660-superblock?))
(type-code (if sblock
(bytevector-u8-ref sblock 0)
(error (format #f
"Could not read ISO9660 primary
volume descriptor from ~s"
device)))))
(match type-code
(255 #f) ; Volume Descriptor Set Terminator.
(1 sblock) ; Primary Volume Descriptor
(_ (read-iso9660-primary-volume-descriptor device (+ offset 2048))))))
(define (read-iso9660-superblock device)
"Return the raw contents of DEVICE's iso9660 primary volume descriptor
as a bytevector, or #f if DEVICE does not contain an iso9660 file system."
;; Start reading at sector 16.
(read-iso9660-primary-volume-descriptor device (* 2048 16)))
(define (iso9660-superblock-uuid sblock)
"Return the modification time of an iso9660 primary volume descriptor
SBLOCK as a bytevector."
;; Drops GMT offset for compatibility with Grub, blkid and /dev/disk/by-uuid.
;; Compare Grub: "2014-12-02-19-30-23-00".
;; Compare blkid result: "2014-12-02-19-30-23-00".
;; Compare /dev/disk/by-uuid entry: "2014-12-02-19-30-23-00".
(sub-bytevector sblock 830 16))
(define (iso9660-uuid->string uuid)
"Given an UUID bytevector, return its timestamp string."
(define (digits->string bytes)
(latin1->string bytes (lambda (c) #f)))
(let* ((year (sub-bytevector uuid 0 4))
(month (sub-bytevector uuid 4 2))
(day (sub-bytevector uuid 6 2))
(hour (sub-bytevector uuid 8 2))
(minute (sub-bytevector uuid 10 2))
(second (sub-bytevector uuid 12 2))
(hundredths (sub-bytevector uuid 14 2))
(parts (list year month day hour minute second hundredths)))
(string-append (string-join (map digits->string parts)))))
(define (iso9660-superblock-volume-name sblock)
"Return the volume name of SBLOCK as a string. The volume name is an ASCII
string. Trailing spaces are trimmed."
;; Note: Valid characters are of the set "[0-9][A-Z]_" (ECMA-119 Appendix A)
(string-trim-right (latin1->string (sub-bytevector sblock 40 32)
(lambda (c) #f)) #\space))
;;;
;;; LUKS encrypted devices.
;;;
;; The LUKS header format is described in "LUKS On-Disk Format Specification":
;; <https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/Specification>. We follow
;; version 1.2.1 of this document.
(define-syntax %luks-endianness
;; Endianness of LUKS headers.
(identifier-syntax (endianness big)))
(define (luks-superblock? sblock)
"Return #t when SBLOCK is a luks superblock."
(define %luks-magic
;; The 'LUKS_MAGIC' constant.
(u8-list->bytevector (append (map char->integer (string->list "LUKS"))
(list #xba #xbe))))
(let ((magic (sub-bytevector sblock 0 6))
(version (bytevector-u16-ref sblock 6 %luks-endianness)))
(and (bytevector=? magic %luks-magic)
(= version 1))))
(define (read-luks-header file)
"Read a LUKS header from FILE. Return the raw header on success, and #f if
not valid header was found."
;; Size in bytes of the LUKS header, including key slots.
(read-superblock file 0 592 luks-superblock?))
(define (luks-header-uuid header)
"Return the LUKS UUID from HEADER, as a 16-byte bytevector."
;; 40 bytes are reserved for the UUID, but in practice, it contains the 36
;; bytes of its ASCII representation.
(let ((uuid (sub-bytevector header 168 36)))
(string->uuid (utf8->string uuid))))
;;;
;;; Partition lookup.
;;;
(define (disk-partitions)
"Return the list of device names corresponding to valid disk partitions."
(define (last-character str)
(string-ref str (- (string-length str) 1)))
(define (partition? name major minor)
;; Select device names that end in a digit, like libblkid's 'probe_all'
;; function does. Checking for "/sys/dev/block/MAJOR:MINOR/partition"
;; doesn't work for partitions coming from mapped devices.
(and (char-set-contains? char-set:digit (last-character name))
(> major 2))) ;ignore RAM disks and floppy disks
(call-with-input-file "/proc/partitions"
(lambda (port)
;; Skip the two header lines.
(read-line port)
(read-line port)
;; Read each subsequent line, and extract the last space-separated
;; field.
(let loop ((parts '()))
(let ((line (read-line port)))
(if (eof-object? line)
(reverse parts)
(match (string-tokenize line)
(((= string->number major) (= string->number minor)
blocks name)
(if (partition? name major minor)
(loop (cons name parts))
(loop parts))))))))))
(define (ENOENT-safe proc)
"Wrap the one-argument PROC such that ENOENT errors are caught and lead to a
warning and #f as the result."
(lambda (device)
(catch 'system-error
(lambda ()
(proc device))
(lambda args
;; When running on the hand-made /dev,
;; 'disk-partitions' could return partitions for which
;; we have no /dev node. Handle that gracefully.
(let ((errno (system-error-errno args)))
(cond ((= ENOENT errno)
(format (current-error-port)
"warning: device '~a' not found~%" device)
#f)
((= ENOMEDIUM errno) ;for removable media
#f)
(else
(apply throw args))))))))
(define (partition-field-reader read field)
"Return a procedure that takes a device and returns the value of a FIELD in
the partition superblock or #f."
(let ((read (ENOENT-safe read)))
(lambda (device)
(let ((sblock (read device)))
(and sblock
(field sblock))))))
(define (read-partition-field device partition-field-readers)
"Returns the value of a FIELD in the partition superblock of DEVICE or #f. It
takes a list of PARTITION-FIELD-READERS and returns the result of the first
partition field reader that returned a value."
(match (filter-map (cut apply <> (list device)) partition-field-readers)
((field . _) field)
(_ #f)))
(define %partition-label-readers
(list (partition-field-reader read-iso9660-superblock
iso9660-superblock-volume-name)
(partition-field-reader read-ext2-superblock
ext2-superblock-volume-name)
(partition-field-reader read-btrfs-superblock
btrfs-superblock-volume-name)
(partition-field-reader read-fat32-superblock
fat32-superblock-volume-name)))
(define %partition-uuid-readers
(list (partition-field-reader read-iso9660-superblock
iso9660-superblock-uuid)
(partition-field-reader read-ext2-superblock
ext2-superblock-uuid)
(partition-field-reader read-btrfs-superblock
btrfs-superblock-uuid)
(partition-field-reader read-fat32-superblock
fat32-superblock-uuid)))
(define read-partition-label
(cut read-partition-field <> %partition-label-readers))
(define read-partition-uuid
(cut read-partition-field <> %partition-uuid-readers))
(define (partition-predicate reader =)
"Return a predicate that returns true if the FIELD of partition header that
was READ is = to the given value."
(lambda (expected)
(lambda (device)
(let ((actual (reader device)))
(and actual
(= actual expected))))))
(define partition-label-predicate
(partition-predicate read-partition-label string=?))
(define partition-uuid-predicate
(partition-predicate read-partition-uuid bytevector=?))
(define luks-partition-uuid-predicate
(partition-predicate
(partition-field-reader read-luks-header luks-header-uuid)
bytevector=?))
(define (find-partition predicate)
"Return the first partition found that matches PREDICATE, or #f if none
were found."
(lambda (expected)
(find (predicate expected)
(map (cut string-append "/dev/" <>)
(disk-partitions)))))
(define find-partition-by-label
(find-partition partition-label-predicate))
(define find-partition-by-uuid
(find-partition partition-uuid-predicate))
(define find-partition-by-luks-uuid
(find-partition luks-partition-uuid-predicate))
;;;
;;; UUIDs.
;;;
(define-syntax %network-byte-order
(identifier-syntax (endianness big)))
(define (uuid->string uuid)
"Convert UUID, a 16-byte bytevector, to its string representation, something
like \"6b700d61-5550-48a1-874c-a3d86998990e\"."
;; See <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122>.
(let ((time-low (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 0 %network-byte-order 4))
(time-mid (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 4 %network-byte-order 2))
(time-hi (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 6 %network-byte-order 2))
(clock-seq (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 8 %network-byte-order 2))
(node (bytevector-uint-ref uuid 10 %network-byte-order 6)))
(format #f "~8,'0x-~4,'0x-~4,'0x-~4,'0x-~12,'0x"
time-low time-mid time-hi clock-seq node)))
(define %uuid-rx
;; The regexp of a UUID.
(make-regexp "^([[:xdigit:]]{8})-([[:xdigit:]]{4})-([[:xdigit:]]{4})-([[:xdigit:]]{4})-([[:xdigit:]]{12})$"))
(define (string->uuid str)
"Parse STR as a DCE UUID (see <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122>) and
return its contents as a 16-byte bytevector. Return #f if STR is not a valid
UUID representation."
(and=> (regexp-exec %uuid-rx str)
(lambda (match)
(letrec-syntax ((hex->number
(syntax-rules ()
((_ index)
(string->number (match:substring match index)
16))))
(put!
(syntax-rules ()
((_ bv index (number len) rest ...)
(begin
(bytevector-uint-set! bv index number
(endianness big) len)
(put! bv (+ index len) rest ...)))
((_ bv index)
bv))))
(let ((time-low (hex->number 1))
(time-mid (hex->number 2))
(time-hi (hex->number 3))
(clock-seq (hex->number 4))
(node (hex->number 5))
(uuid (make-bytevector 16)))
(put! uuid 0
(time-low 4) (time-mid 2) (time-hi 2)
(clock-seq 2) (node 6)))))))
(define* (canonicalize-device-spec spec #:optional (title 'any))
"Return the device name corresponding to SPEC. TITLE is a symbol, one of
the following:
• 'device', in which case SPEC is known to designate a device node--e.g.,
\"/dev/sda1\";
• 'label', in which case SPEC is known to designate a partition label--e.g.,
\"my-root-part\";
• 'uuid', in which case SPEC must be a UUID (a 16-byte bytevector)
designating a partition;
• 'any', in which case SPEC can be anything.
"
(define max-trials
;; Number of times we retry partition label resolution, 1 second per
;; trial. Note: somebody reported a delay of 16 seconds (!) before their
;; USB key would be detected by the kernel, so we must wait for at least
;; this long.
20)
(define canonical-title
;; The realm of canonicalization.
(if (eq? title 'any)
(if (string? spec)
;; The "--root=SPEC" kernel command-line option always provides a
;; string, but the string can represent a device, a UUID, or a
;; label. So check for all three.
(cond ((string-prefix? "/" spec) 'device)
((string->uuid spec) 'uuid)
(else 'label))
'uuid)
title))
(define (resolve find-partition spec fmt)
(let loop ((count 0))
(let ((device (find-partition spec)))
(or device
;; Some devices take a bit of time to appear, most notably USB
;; storage devices. Thus, wait for the device to appear.
(if (> count max-trials)
(error "failed to resolve partition" (fmt spec))
(begin
(format #t "waiting for partition '~a' to appear...~%"
(fmt spec))
(sleep 1)
(loop (+ 1 count))))))))
(case canonical-title
((device)
;; Nothing to do.
spec)
((label)
;; Resolve the label.
(resolve find-partition-by-label spec identity))
((uuid)
(resolve find-partition-by-uuid
(if (string? spec)
(string->uuid spec)
spec)
uuid->string))
(else
(error "unknown device title" title))))
(define (check-file-system device type)
"Run a file system check of TYPE on DEVICE."
(define check-procedure
(cond
((string-prefix? "ext" type) check-ext2-file-system)
((string-prefix? "btrfs" type) check-btrfs-file-system)
((string-suffix? "fat" type) check-fat32-file-system)
(else #f)))
(if check-procedure
(match (check-procedure device)
('pass
#t)
('errors-corrected
(format (current-error-port)
"File system check corrected errors on ~a; continuing~%"
device))
('reboot-required
(format (current-error-port)
"File system check corrected errors on ~a; rebooting~%"
device)
(sleep 3)
(reboot))
('fatal-error
(format (current-error-port)
"File system check on ~a failed; spawning Bourne-like REPL~%"
device)
(start-repl %bournish-language)))
(format (current-error-port)
"No file system check procedure for ~a; skipping~%"
device)))
(define (mount-flags->bit-mask flags)
"Return the number suitable for the 'flags' argument of 'mount' that
corresponds to the symbols listed in FLAGS."
(let loop ((flags flags))
(match flags
(('read-only rest ...)
(logior MS_RDONLY (loop rest)))
(('bind-mount rest ...)
(logior MS_BIND (loop rest)))
(('no-suid rest ...)
(logior MS_NOSUID (loop rest)))
(('no-dev rest ...)
(logior MS_NODEV (loop rest)))
(('no-exec rest ...)
(logior MS_NOEXEC (loop rest)))
(()
0))))
(define* (mount-file-system spec #:key (root "/root"))
"Mount the file system described by SPEC under ROOT. SPEC must have the
form:
(DEVICE TITLE MOUNT-POINT TYPE (FLAGS ...) OPTIONS CHECK?)
DEVICE, MOUNT-POINT, and TYPE must be strings; OPTIONS can be a string or #f;
FLAGS must be a list of symbols. CHECK? is a Boolean indicating whether to
run a file system check."
(define (mount-nfs source mount-point type flags options)
(let* ((idx (string-rindex source #\:))
(host-part (string-take source idx))
;; Strip [] from around host if present
(host (match (string-split host-part (string->char-set "[]"))
(("" h "") h)
((h) h)))
(aa (match (getaddrinfo host "nfs") ((x . _) x)))
(sa (addrinfo:addr aa))
(inet-addr (inet-ntop (sockaddr:fam sa)
(sockaddr:addr sa))))
;; Mounting an NFS file system requires passing the address
;; of the server in the addr= option
(mount source mount-point type flags
(string-append "addr="
inet-addr
(if options
(string-append "," options)
"")))))
(match spec
((source title mount-point type (flags ...) options check?)
(let ((source (canonicalize-device-spec source title))
(mount-point (string-append root "/" mount-point))
(flags (mount-flags->bit-mask flags)))
(when check?
(check-file-system source type))
;; Create the mount point. Most of the time this is a directory, but
;; in the case of a bind mount, a regular file or socket may be needed.
(if (and (= MS_BIND (logand flags MS_BIND))
(not (file-is-directory? source)))
(unless (file-exists? mount-point)
(mkdir-p (dirname mount-point))
(call-with-output-file mount-point (const #t)))
(mkdir-p mount-point))
(cond
((string-prefix? "nfs" type)
(mount-nfs source mount-point type flags options))
(else
(mount source mount-point type flags options)))
;; For read-only bind mounts, an extra remount is needed, as per
;; <http://lwn.net/Articles/281157/>, which still applies to Linux 4.0.
(when (and (= MS_BIND (logand flags MS_BIND))
(= MS_RDONLY (logand flags MS_RDONLY)))
(let ((flags (logior MS_BIND MS_REMOUNT MS_RDONLY)))
(mount source mount-point type flags #f)))))))
;;; file-systems.scm ends here