Generally, the traversal goes: numbered workspaces in order, and then
named workspaces in the order in which they appear in the tree.
Example:
Output 1: Output 2:
1 3 D C 2 4 B A
Traversal: 1, 2, 3, 4, D, C, B, A, 1, ...
Note, after the numbered workspaces, we traverse the named workspaces
from output 1, and then output 2, etc.
This fixes a race where we created cursors on the Xlib connection, flushed,
then used the cursor on the XCB connection. Even though we flushed, the X
server did not process the requests yet and therefore returned a BadCursor
error.
This bugfix uses the Xlib connection for setting the root window cursor which
will ensure that the requests are properly serialized.
An easy test for this (on my machine) is the following ~/.xsession:
xsetroot -cursor_name cross
exec i3
If you see a cross cursor instead of the pointer, the race happens. You’ll see
a error_code=6 error in your ~/.xsession-errors.
These errors can happen because a DestroyWindow request by a client will
trigger an UnmapNotify, then a DestroyNotify. We cannot distinguish this
UnmapNotify from an UnmapNotify not followed by a DestroyNotify, so we just try
to send the ReparentWindow / ChangeProperty and ignore the errors, if any.
Think of the following layout:
-------------
| tab | |
| con | win |
| | |
-------------
The tabbed container on the left has two children. Assume you have focused the
second/right child in the tabbed container. i3 used to focus the first/left
container of the tabbed container when using 'focus right' (it wrapped focus).
With this commit, the default behaviour is to instead focus the window on the
right of the screen.
The intention is to make focus switching more intuitive, especially with tabbed
containers supporting 'focus left'/'focus right' in tree. You should end up
using less 'focus parent' :).
You can force the old behaviour with 'force_focus_wrapping true' in your
config.
Code coverage is 62.5% with this commit.
An example to set all XTerms floating:
for_window [class="XTerm"] mode floating
To make all urxvts use a 1-pixel border:
for_window [class="urxvt"] border 1pixel
A less useful, but rather funny example:
for_window [title="x200: ~/work"] mode floating
The commands are not completely arbitrary. The commands above were tested,
others may need some fixing. Internally, windows are compared against your
criteria (class, title, …) when they are initially managed and whenever one of
the relevant values change. Then, the specified command is run *once* (per
window). It gets prefixed with a criteria to make it match only the specific
window that triggered it. So, if you configure "mode floating", i3 runs
something like '[id="8393923"] mode floating'.
Use 'kill window' to kill a specific window (for example only one specific
popup), use 'kill client' to kill the whole application (or X11 connection to
be specific).
When a tabbed container had more than one child and at least the first one
supported WM_DELETE, i3 entered an endless loop when killing that tabbed
container. This was due to tree_close only sending WM_DELETE without actually
removing the child, while the loop in tree_close assumed that with every call
of tree_close one child would be removed.
Actually, commit 1c5adc6c35 commented out code
without ever fixing it. I think this was responsible for the 'workspace
switching sometimes does not work' bug. My observations:
Had it again today and analyzed a log of it. Looks like after unmapping the
windows on one workspace (in my case: chromium, eclipse, urxvt, focus on
eclipse) we get UnmapNotify events for chromium and eclipse, but then we get an
EnterNotify for the terminal (due to unmapping the other windows and therefore
mapping the terminal under the cursor), only afterwards the UnmapNotify
follows.
So, there are two things wrong with that:
• We handle EnterNotifys for unmapped windows
• Unmapping windows sometimes works in a sequence, sometimes the sequence gets
split. Not sure why (if unmapping can take longer for some windows or if our
syncing is wrong -- but i checked the latter briefly and it looks correct).
Maybe GrabServer helps?
• We don’t ignore EnterNotify events caused by UnmapNotifies. We used to, but
then there was a different problem and we decided to solve the EnterNotify
problem in another way, which actually never happened (commit
1c5adc6c35).
This involves:
• Compiling with xcb-util instead of xcb-{atom,aux} (they merged the libraries)
• Not using xcb-{event,property} anymore (code removed upstream)
• Not using the predefined WINDOW, CARDINEL, … atoms (removed upstream)
• Using the new xcb_icccm_* data types/functions instead of just xcb_*
(for example xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints instead of xcb_get_wm_hints)
Also I refactored the atoms to use x-macros.
Due to lots of cases which were added and added to tree_move(), the function
was not really easy to understand. For this refactoring, I wrote tree_move()
from scratch, thinking about (hopefully) all cases. The testsuite still passes.
The move command also has different parameters now. Instead of the hard to
understand 'before v' stuff, we use 'move [left|right|up|down]'.
Instead, we attach them to their workspace when toggling back to tiling. This
makes more sense; afterall, floating clients are always directly below a
CT_WORKSPACE container.
The file is now created in /tmp using the process PID and the
username of the user running i3. The restart state file is only
loaded when restarting (the --restart option is appended to the
command line prior to the restart). That means that renaming the
old state file with the ".old" extension is no longer needed.
This "--restart" switch is supposed to be only used by i3. The
"-L" switch can be used to load a layout (and not delete it
afterwards). We unlink the state file after we load it so that
we don't keep cruft in /tmp or try to restart from an old config
file if restart_state is set.
Quote from the source:
When the container type is CT_WORKSPACE, the user wants to change the
whole workspace into stacked/tabbed mode. To do this and still allow
intuitive operations (like level-up and then opening a new window), we
need to create a new split container. */
Numbered workspaces (workspaces with a name containing only digits) will be
inserted in the correct order now. Named workspaces are always sorted after
numbered workspaces and in the order of creation.
This fixes the bug which caused floating windows to be visible even when
switching to a different workspace.
Instead of ignoring a specific sequence, we now set an ignore_unmap counter for
each container. (So, should containers be closed too early or stay open even if
they should be closed, we probably need to have a closer look at the counter.
At the moment, it is increased by one on reparenting and unmapping (for
workspace changes) and decremented by one on each UnmapNotify event).
This system is better because a sequence does not describe a single unmap or
reparent request but a request to X11 on the network layer -- which can contain
multiple requests.
The implementation works like this:
Containers can have a 'sticky-group' attribute. Imagine two different
containers (on two different workspaces) which have the same sticky-group.
Now you open a window in the first container. When you switch to the
other workspace, the window will be re-assigned to the other container.
An obvious problem which is not covered with the code at the moment is
having two containers with the same sticky-group visible at the same time.
This helps for windows which are immediately destroyed instead of
unmapped, like when starting i3status | ./foobar | dzen2 -dock
and foobar does not exist (i3status and dzen2 will get a SIGPIPE).
Before this commit, i3 used key bindings in SYNC mode for bindings
like Mode_switch + <a> and replayed the key if the current state
did not include Mode_switch. This had some problems:
1) The WM needed to acknowledge much more key presses than you
actually had bindings for, thus making the system a bit laggy
sometimes.
2) Users of layouts who constantly type in the third level (like
russian layouts) did not get their cyrillic symbols correctly
(they were not replayed right), neither did the keybindings
work in both modes.
So, the current implementation uses the following approach: XKB
provides an event which contains the current state (including
the current level). i3 signs up for this event and upon receival,
it re-maps the bindings using Mode_switch (enables them when the
level goes to the third level and disables them as soon as the
level goes back to normal). This fixes both problems.
This is the foundation to use dzen2 or similar as a complete
replacement for the internal workspaces bar.
A testcase is included, more documentation about the IPC interface
will follow.
Add --force-xinerama when starting i3 to use Xinerama instead of RandR.
This should *ONLY* be done if you have no other choice (nvidia’s
binary driver uses twinview and does not expose the monitor information
through RandR).
This enables compilation with llvm-clang and thus closes ticket #101.
While it makes the code more ugly, I don’t see a beautiful solution
which would enable us to stay with the more elegant solution of
nested functions and still allow compilation with any other compiler
than gcc.
Thanks to Merovius for doing a proof of concept on this one and
being a driving force behind the idea.
Using RandR instead of Xinerama means that we are now able to use
the full potential of the modern way of configuring screens. That
means, i3 now has an idea of the outputs your graphic driver
provides, which allowed us to get rid of the ugly way of detecting
changes in the screen configuration which we used before. Now, your
workspaces should not be confused when changing output modes anymore.
Also, instead of having ugly heuristics to assign your workspaces
to (the screen at position X or the second screen in the list of
screens) you will be able to just specify an output name.
As this change basically touches everything, you should be prepared
for bugs. Please test and report them!
Actually, WM_CLASS contains two null-terminated strings, so we cannot
use asprintf() to get its value but rather use strdup() to get both
of them. Both values are compared when a client is matched against
a wm_class/title combination (for assignments for example).
This makes it more clear that the option is meant to be a special
case (it *disables* part of the focus handling). Also, when
initializing the config data structure with zeros, it will get
initialized with the right value.
Furthermore, the config file parser now also accepts various values
which represent "true", not only numbers.
Please note that rdesktop’s -g workarea option will not work on
64-bit systems at the moment because of a bug in rdesktop (see the
rdesktop-devel mailing list).
Starting from this commit, a borderless window will always be
borderless if it is the only window in a container. For example,
you can have Firefox borderless in a tabbed container and as soon
as the download manager or a viewer gets opened, the container
will be rendered like a normal tabbed container.
This solves the user-interface dilemma of borderless/1-px-border
windows inside stacked/tabbed containers, at least for this special
case. Thanks to Merovius for this suggestion.
This fixes many problems we were having with a dynamically growing
array because of the realloc (pointers inside the area which was
allocated were no longer valid as soon as the realloc moved the
memory to another address).
Again, this is a rather big change, so expect problems and enable
core-dumps.
The following new directives have been implemented for the configuration
file:
new_container <default|stacking|tabbed>
new_container stack-limit <cols|rows> <value>
Note that they require using the new lexer/parser, which you can
do by passing -l to i3 when starting.
For example, you can create a mode which will let you resize windows
with some easy to use keys. So, instead of binding a combination
of your homerow and modifiers to resize, like this:
bind Mod4+44 resize right +10
bind Mod4+45 resize right -10
...
You can instead define a new mode:
mode "resize" {
bind 44 resize right +10
bind 45 resize right -10
...
bind 36 mode default
}
bindsym Mod4+r mode resize
So, if you press Mod4+r now, your keybindings will be set to the ones
defined in your resize mode above. You can then use your homerow
(without any other modifier) to resize the current column/row and
press enter to go back to the default mode when you are done.
Note that using this option requires you to enable the new lexer/parser
by passing the -l flag to i3 when starting.
Warning: This is not yet thoroughly tested, so be prepared to
encounter some segfaults. Please enable logging and coredumps,
so we can fix bugs quickly.
xterm by default sets a border_width of 2. This was not taken into
account when determining the size of the window by i3. Still, you
probably want to set this to 0 in your .Xresources as the pixels
are just lost.
Using this command, you can limit the amount of columns or rows for
a stacking container. This allows for better usage of screen estate
when using stacking containers with many clients.
Examples:
i3-msg "stack-limit cols 2"
You will now have a stack window which has two columns of windows.
Commands are 'mark' and 'goto'. Both can be used either directly,
like 'mark a' and 'goto a', or interactively (just 'mark'). For
interactive mode, i3-input must be installed and in your PATH.
Thanks to Mikael for bringing it to my mind. This change introduces
two new color classes, client.urgent and bar.urgent. By default,
urgent clients are drawn in red (colors by Atsutane).
Before this fix, you could go upwards and select the screen which
was at the rightmost because it also was the one topmost (if all
screen’s top position is equal).
Please test this! Plug in screens, unplug them, use your video projector,
change resolutions, etc.
To use the assignments, use the following syntax:
workspace <number> [screen <screen>] [name]
Where screen can be one of:
<number> (It is not provided that these numbers stay constant, so use with care)
<x>x<y> (Coordinates where the screen starts, so 1280 will be fine to match the
screen right of the main screen if your main screen is 1280 pixels
width. However, 1281 will not match)
<x>
x<y>
Some examples follow:
workspace 1 screen 0
workspace 1 screen 1
workspace 1 screen 1280x0
workspace 2 screen 1280
workspace 3 screen x0
workspace 3 screen 1 www
workspace 4 screen 0 mail
Use "bindsym" instead of "bind". You have to use the names of keys
as in xmodmap. To get a list of currently bounud symbols, use
xmodmap -pke
Technical quirk: Xlib generated MappingNotify events upon
XkbMapNotify events (from XKB, as the name says). XCB does not yet
have support for XKB, thus we need to select and handle the event
by ourself. Hopefully, this will change in the future.
Use bn (normal), bp (1-px), bb (borderless) as commands to change the
border style of the currently focused window. Feel free to use i3-msg
to do this.
Thus, no more flickering because the window was first mapped and then
moved. Especially users of multiple monitors should be happy now ;-).
Rather radical change, though, so be prepared for problems.
Also update documentation (manpage, userguide).
To make the code easier to read/write when checking if a client is
floating, introduce client_is_floating().
This implements ticket #42.
Syntax is "set $key value". All further instances of $key will be
replaced with value before parsing each line of the configfile.
Instead of building arrays of colorpixels we can simply use a pointer
to a struct Colortriple. Furthermore, by getting the colorpixels when
loading the configuration, we save a lot of function calls in the
main code.
Details which are missing: A command to hide/show all floating clients,
moving/resizing clients with your mouse holding Mod1 (click anywhere
in the client, not just on its borders), resize/move by keyboard, select
next/previous client by keyboard
This is a relatively big change, however all cases should be handled by
now.
Because the function to do graphical resizing got rather large, I’ve created
a new file src/resize.c for it.
This fixes ticket #35.
This is a relatively big change, however all cases should be handled by
now.
Because the function to do graphical resizing got rather large, I’ve created
a new file src/resize.c for it.
This fixes ticket #35.
When you disable a Xinerama screen (think of removing a video projector),
the workspaces of that screen need to be re-assigned to another screen.
Previously, the clients affected by this re-assignment did not get re-
configured, which made them appear on the next screen which got configured
at the position of the old one again if you did not switch to the reassigned
workspace before.
So, to reproduce it:
xrandr --output VGA --mode 1280x1024 --right-of LVDS
move windows to the new workspace
xrandr --output VGA --off
xrandr --output VGA --mode 1280x1024 --right-of LVDS
This fixes ticket #36
When you disable a Xinerama screen (think of removing a video projector),
the workspaces of that screen need to be re-assigned to another screen.
Previously, the clients affected by this re-assignment did not get re-
configured, which made them appear on the next screen which got configured
at the position of the old one again if you did not switch to the reassigned
workspace before.
So, to reproduce it:
xrandr --output VGA --mode 1280x1024 --right-of LVDS
move windows to the new workspace
xrandr --output VGA --off
xrandr --output VGA --mode 1280x1024 --right-of LVDS
This fixes ticket #36
Thanks to psychoschlumpf for the hint. Having comments in the headers
makes it easier to get the big picture when not being interested in the
source.
The doxygen file extracts as much as it can into HTML files. Please note
that this is not official/supported documentation, but rather being nice
to people who have to/want to use doxygen (I don’t).
Let me paste the header of the doxygen file:
You can use this file with doxygen to create a pseudo-documentation
automatically from source. doxygen-comments are not used very extensively
in i3, mostly for the reason that it clutters the source code and has no
real use (doxygen’s output looks really ugly).
So, if you want to use it, here you go. This is however not a supported
document, and I recommend you have a look at the docs/ folder or at
http://i3.zekjur.net/ for more, real documentation.
There was a race condition when mapping a window and not setting the event mask
before. Therefore, the ReparentNotify and (more important) the UnmapNotify generated
by reparenting were not received, thus leaving the awaiting_useless_unmap variable
of the client "true". To just make it work, in previous commits the DestroyNotify
handler was introduced. Fortunately, with fixing this race condition by first
setting the event mask and mapping the window afterwards, we can remove this handler.
As for the dock windows, there were quite some occurences were client->container
was used without checking if the client is inside a container at all.
Furthermore, the client’s strut containing the space to reserve at the screen edge
is now checked and the desired height is set to the window’s height if the strut
contains 0 or if no strut was specified at all.
By specifying XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT, the window manager
will get map request events instead of map notify events, and therefore
can act sooner (the window won’t be positioned on the screen and moved
afterwards).
Furthermore, this fixes some problems with GIMP/VLC (and probably others)
which caused endless loops.
Also, events which should be ignored are now saved in a queue rather than
saving just the last event. This should eliminate race conditions.
Note that there is a new FIXME in src/handlers.c. Some windows generate
unmap notify events when reparenting while others don’t. We need to
understand, document and implement a more correct way to handle this.
Peter Bui